Insights into the Pathogenic Secondary Symptoms Caused by the Primary Loss of Dystrophin

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology

Forcina, Laura¹ 

关键词: Duchenne muscular dystrophy;    inflammation;    oxidative stress;    therapeutic approaches;    muscle wasting;   

DOI  :  10.3390/jfmk2040044

学科分类：力学，机械学

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disease in which the dystrophin gene is mutated, resulting in dysfunctional dystrophin protein. Without dystrophin, the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is unstable, leading to an increase in muscle damage. Moreover, the imbalance between muscle damage and repair leads to a chronic inflammatory response and an increase in the amount of fibrosis over time. The absence of dystrophin at the sarcolemma also delocalizes and downregulates nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and alters enzymatic antioxidant responses, leading to an increase in oxidative stress. In this review, we analyze the pathogenic role of both inflammation and oxidative stress in muscular dystrophy.

【 授权许可】

CC BY