KSHV 2.0: A Comprehensive Annotation of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Genome Using Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Novel Genomic and Functional Features

PLoS Pathogens

Noam Stern-Ginossar¹  Jonathan S. Weissman¹  Carolina Arias²  Don Ganem²  Alexandre Mercier²  Meghan Holdorf²  Priya Bellare²  Alexis S. Madrid²  Ben Weisburd³ 

[1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America;Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Emeryville, California, United States of America;Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Bioinformatics, Emeryville, California, United States of America

关键词: Ribosomes;    Gene prediction;    Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus;    Messenger RNA;    Lytic cycle;    DNA transcription;    Gene expression;    Protein translation;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.ppat.1003847

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

Productive herpesvirus infection requires a profound, time-controlled remodeling of the viral transcriptome and proteome. To gain insights into the genomic architecture and gene expression control in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), we performed a systematic genome-wide survey of viral transcriptional and translational activity throughout the lytic cycle. Using mRNA-sequencing and ribosome profiling, we found that transcripts encoding lytic genes are promptly bound by ribosomes upon lytic reactivation, suggesting their regulation is mainly transcriptional. Our approach also uncovered new genomic features such as ribosome occupancy of viral non-coding RNAs, numerous upstream and small open reading frames (ORFs), and unusual strategies to expand the virus coding repertoire that include alternative splicing, dynamic viral mRNA editing, and the use of alternative translation initiation codons. Furthermore, we provide a refined and expanded annotation of transcription start sites, polyadenylation sites, splice junctions, and initiation/termination codons of known and new viral features in the KSHV genomic space which we have termed KSHV 2.0. Our results represent a comprehensive genome-scale image of gene regulation during lytic KSHV infection that substantially expands our understanding of the genomic architecture and coding capacity of the virus.

【 授权许可】

CC BY