Arthropod venom Hyaluronidases: biochemical properties and potential applications in medicine and biotechnology

Journal of venomous animals and toxins

Karla C F Bordon¹  Fernanda G. Amorim²  Eliane C. Arantes³  Gisele A. Wiezel⁴ 

[1] Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;o Preto, University of Sã

关键词: Hyaluronidase;    Scorpion;    Spider;    Caterpillar;    Hymenoptera;    Insects;    Cloning;    Heterologous expression;    PEGylation;    Biotechnological applications;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40409-015-0042-7

学科分类：药理学

来源: BioMed Central

【 摘 要 】

Hyaluronidases are enzymes that mainly degrade hyaluronan, the major glycosaminoglycan of the interstitial matrix. They are involved in several pathological and physiological activities including fertilization, wound healing, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, diffusion of toxins and drugs, metastasis, pneumonia, sepsis, bacteremia, meningitis, inflammation and allergy, among others. Hyaluronidases are widely distributed in nature and the enzymes from mammalian spermatozoa, lysosomes and animal venoms belong to the subclass EC 3.2.1.35. To date, only five three-dimensional structures for arthropod venom hyaluronidases (Apis mellifera and Vespula vulgaris) were determined. Additionally, there are four molecular models for hyaluronidases from Mesobuthus martensii, Polybia paulista and Tityus serrulatus venoms. These enzymes are employed as adjuvants to increase the absorption and dispersion of other drugs and have been used in various off-label clinical conditions to reduce tissue edema. Moreover, a PEGylated form of a recombinant human hyaluronidase is currently under clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. This review focuses on the arthropod venom hyaluronidases and provides an overview of their biochemical properties, role in the envenoming, structure/activity relationship, and potential medical and biotechnological applications.

【 授权许可】

CC BY