PLoS Pathogens | |
Anthrax Lethal Factor as an Immune Target in Humans and Transgenic Mice and the Impact of HLA Polymorphism on CD4+ T Cell Immunity | |
Theresa B. Gallagher1  Stephen J. Moore1  Bernard Maillere2  Rebecca J. Ingram3  Hugh Dyson4  E. Diane Williamson4  Gökhan Metan5  Mehmet Doganay5  Yusuf Ozkul6  Daniel M. Altmann7  Rosemary J. Boyton7  Karen K. Chu7  Stephanie Ascough7  Shiranee Sriskandan7  Catherine J. Reynolds7  Julie A. Musson8  John H. Robinson8  Les Baillie9  | |
[1] BIOMET, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America;CEA, iBiTecS, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif Sur Yvette, France;Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom;Defence Science Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom;Department of Infectious Disease, Erciyes University Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey;Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey;Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom | |
关键词: T cells; Immune response; Anthrax; Mouse models; Vaccines; Cell-mediated immunity; Bacillus anthracis; Toxins; | |
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004085 | |
学科分类:生物科学(综合) | |
来源: Public Library of Science | |
【 摘 要 】
Bacillus anthracis produces a binary toxin composed of protective antigen (PA) and one of two subunits, lethal factor (LF) or edema factor (EF). Most studies have concentrated on induction of toxin-specific antibodies as the correlate of protective immunity, in contrast to which understanding of cellular immunity to these toxins and its impact on infection is limited. We characterized CD4+ T cell immunity to LF in a panel of humanized HLA-DR and DQ transgenic mice and in naturally exposed patients. As the variation in antigen presentation governed by HLA polymorphism has a major impact on protective immunity to specific epitopes, we examined relative binding affinities of LF peptides to purified HLA class II molecules, identifying those regions likely to be of broad applicability to human immune studies through their ability to bind multiple alleles. Transgenics differing only in their expression of human HLA class II alleles showed a marked hierarchy of immunity to LF. Immunogenicity in HLA transgenics was primarily restricted to epitopes from domains II and IV of LF and promiscuous, dominant epitopes, common to all HLA types, were identified in domain II. The relevance of this model was further demonstrated by the fact that a number of the immunodominant epitopes identified in mice were recognized by T cells from humans previously infected with cutaneous anthrax and from vaccinated individuals. The ability of the identified epitopes to confer protective immunity was demonstrated by lethal anthrax challenge of HLA transgenic mice immunized with a peptide subunit vaccine comprising the immunodominant epitopes that we identified.
【 授权许可】
CC BY
【 预 览 】
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