Sequential Delivery of Host-Induced Virulence Effectors by Appressoria and Intracellular Hyphae of the Phytopathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum

PLoS Pathogens

Elmon Schmelzer¹  Ulla Neumann¹  Linda J. Rincon-Rivera²  Stéphane Hacquard²  Richard J. O'Connell²  H. Charlotte van der Does²  Hiroyuki Takahara²  Jochen Kleemann²  Emiel Ver Loren van Themaat²  Wolfgang Schmalenbach²  Isa Will²  Kurt Stüber³ 

[1] Central Microscopy Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany;Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany;Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, Cologne, Germany

关键词: Appressoria;    Plant fungal pathogens;    Plant cell walls;    Necrotic cell death;    Leaves;    Host cells;    Expressed sequence tags;    Plant pathogens;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.ppat.1002643

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

Phytopathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate their hosts for effective colonization. Hemibiotrophic fungi must maintain host viability during initial biotrophic growth and elicit host death for subsequent necrotrophic growth. To identify effectors mediating these opposing processes, we deeply sequenced the transcriptome of Colletotrichum higginsianum infecting Arabidopsis. Most effector genes are host-induced and expressed in consecutive waves associated with pathogenic transitions, indicating distinct effector suites are deployed at each stage. Using fluorescent protein tagging and transmission electron microscopy-immunogold labelling, we found effectors localised to stage-specific compartments at the host-pathogen interface. In particular, we show effectors are focally secreted from appressorial penetration pores before host invasion, revealing new levels of functional complexity for this fungal organ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that antagonistic effectors either induce or suppress plant cell death. Based on these results we conclude that hemibiotrophy in Colletotrichum is orchestrated through the coordinated expression of antagonistic effectors supporting either cell viability or cell death.

【 授权许可】

CC BY