Pseudomonas Evades Immune Recognition of Flagellin in Both Mammals and Plants

PLoS Pathogens

Michiel J. C. Pel¹  Corné M. J. Pieterse¹  Kok P. M. van Kessel²  Bart W. Bardoel³  Jos A. G. van Strijp⁴  Jan Tommassen⁴  Sjoerd van der Ent⁴ 

[1] Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands;Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

关键词: Flagellin;    Pseudomonas aeruginosa;    Toll-like receptors;    Arabidopsis thaliana;    Mutant strains;    Salmonella typhimurium;    Flagella;    Proteases;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.ppat.1002206

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

The building blocks of bacterial flagella, flagellin monomers, are potent stimulators of host innate immune systems. Recognition of flagellin monomers occurs by flagellin-specific pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in mammals and flagellin-sensitive 2 (FLS2) in plants. Activation of these immune systems via flagellin leads eventually to elimination of the bacterium from the host. In order to prevent immune activation and thus favor survival in the host, bacteria secrete many proteins that hamper such recognition. In our search for Toll like receptor (TLR) antagonists, we screened bacterial supernatants and identified alkaline protease (AprA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a TLR5 signaling inhibitor as evidenced by a marked reduction in IL-8 production and NF-κB activation. AprA effectively degrades the TLR5 ligand monomeric flagellin, while polymeric flagellin (involved in bacterial motility) and TLR5 itself resist degradation. The natural occurring alkaline protease inhibitor AprI of P. aeruginosa blocked flagellin degradation by AprA. P. aeruginosa aprA mutants induced an over 100-fold enhanced activation of TLR5 signaling, because they fail to degrade excess monomeric flagellin in their environment. Interestingly, AprA also prevents flagellin-mediated immune responses (such as growth inhibition and callose deposition) in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. This was due to decreased activation of the receptor FLS2 and clearly demonstrated by delayed stomatal closure with live bacteria in plants. Thus, by degrading the ligand for TLR5 and FLS2, P. aeruginosa escapes recognition by the innate immune systems of both mammals and plants.

【 授权许可】

CC BY