Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape

PLoS Pathogens

Constantinos Kurt Wibmer¹  Daniel J. Sheward¹  Andrew B. Ward²  Carolyn Williamson³  Salim S. Abdool Karim⁴  Jinal N. Bhiman⁵  Penny L. Moore⁵  M. Gordon Joyce⁶  Nonkululeko Ndabambi⁶  Ashley Smira⁶  Lynn Morris⁶  Debra H. Elliott⁷  Jason Gorman⁷  Mangai Asokan⁸  Julie Rouelle⁸  James E. Robinson⁹  John R. Mascola^1,10  Peter D. Kwong^1,11  Mark Connors^1,11  Dennis R. Burton^1,11  Gabriel Ozorowski^1,11  Aliaksandr Druz^1,11 

[1] Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa;Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa;Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America;Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, CHAVI-ID and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Centre, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America;Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America;Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America;Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and NHLS, Cape Town, South Africa;Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America;Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America;Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

关键词: Antibodies;    HIV-1;    Viral structure;    Crystal structure;    Enzyme-linked immunoassays;    Microbial mutation;    Monoclonal antibodies;    Glycosylation;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.ppat.1006074

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. Two phenylalanines at the loop apex were predicted by docking and mutagenesis data to interact with the viral membrane. Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses abrogated neutralization by CAP248-2B, but enhanced neutralization sensitivity to 35O22, 4E10, and 10E8 by 10-100-fold. Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design.

【 授权许可】

CC BY