The Spread of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus from the Middle East to the World

PLoS Pathogens

Jahangir Heydarnejad¹  Darren P. Martin¹  Philippe Lemey²  Sandra Meredith³  Jean-Michel Lett⁴  Arvind Varsani⁴  Francisco Lakay⁵  Adérito Monjane⁵  Pierre Lefeuvre⁶  Gordon Harkins⁶  Alistair J. A. Gray⁷ 

[1] CIRAD, UMR 53 PVBMT CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, Ligne Paradis, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France;Centre for High-Performance Computing, Rosebank, Cape Town, South Africa;Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa;Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa;Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa;South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa

关键词: Sequence analysis;    Phylogenetic analysis;    Iran;    Tomatoes;    Phylogeography;    Fruit crops;    DNA sequence analysis;    Leaves;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.ppat.1001164

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

The ongoing global spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; Genus Begomovirus, Family Geminiviridae) represents a serious looming threat to tomato production in all temperate parts of the world. Whereas determining where and when TYLCV movements have occurred could help curtail its spread and prevent future movements of related viruses, determining the consequences of past TYLCV movements could reveal the ecological and economic risks associated with similar viral invasions. Towards this end we applied Bayesian phylogeographic inference and recombination analyses to available TYLCV sequences (including those of 15 new Iranian full TYLCV genomes) and reconstructed a plausible history of TYLCV's diversification and movements throughout the world. In agreement with historical accounts, our results suggest that the first TYLCVs most probably arose somewhere in the Middle East between the 1930s and 1950s (with 95% highest probability density intervals 1905–1972) and that the global spread of TYLCV only began in the 1980s after the evolution of the TYLCV-Mld and -IL strains. Despite the global distribution of TYLCV we found no convincing evidence anywhere other than the Middle East and the Western Mediterranean of epidemiologically relevant TYLCV variants arising through recombination. Although the region around Iran is both the center of present day TYLCV diversity and the site of the most intensive ongoing TYLCV evolution, the evidence indicates that the region is epidemiologically isolated, which suggests that novel TYLCV variants found there are probably not direct global threats. We instead identify the Mediterranean basin as the main launch-pad of global TYLCV movements.

【 授权许可】

CC BY