Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Shares Features of Both Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Lentiviral Infections

PLoS Pathogens

Edward J. D. Greenwood¹  Fabian Schmidt¹  Sharon Redrobe²  Robert E. Lanford²  François Rouet²  Vida L. Hodara²  Henk Niphuis³  Ivanela Kondova⁴  Leah Clissold⁵  Krishna K. Murthy⁵  Jonathan L. Heeney⁵  Bernadette Guerra⁶  Kirsten McLay⁶  Luis D. Giavedoni⁷ 

[1] Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America;Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands;Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands;Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America;The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC), Norwich, United Kingdom;Twycross Zoo - East Midland Zoological Society, Atherstone, United Kingdom

关键词: Chimpanzees;    T cells;    HIV-1;    SIV;    Viral load;    Primates;    Immune activation;    Blood plasma;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.ppat.1005146

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

The virus-host relationship in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected chimpanzees is thought to be different from that found in other SIV infected African primates. However, studies of captive SIVcpz infected chimpanzees are limited. Previously, the natural SIVcpz infection of one chimpanzee, and the experimental infection of six chimpanzees was reported, with limited follow-up. Here, we present a long-term study of these seven animals, with a retrospective re-examination of the early stages of infection. The only clinical signs consistent with AIDS or AIDS associated disease was thrombocytopenia in two cases, associated with the development of anti-platelet antibodies. However, compared to uninfected and HIV-1 infected animals, SIVcpz infected animals had significantly lower levels of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells. Despite this, levels of T-cell activation in chronic infection were not significantly elevated. In addition, while plasma levels of β2 microglobulin, neopterin and soluble TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (sTRAIL) were elevated in acute infection, these markers returned to near-normal levels in chronic infection, reminiscent of immune activation patterns in ‘natural host’ species. Furthermore, plasma soluble CD14 was not elevated in chronic infection. However, examination of the secondary lymphoid environment revealed persistent changes to the lymphoid structure, including follicular hyperplasia in SIVcpz infected animals. In addition, both SIV and HIV-1 infected chimpanzees showed increased levels of deposition of collagen and increased levels of Mx1 expression in the T-cell zones of the lymph node. The outcome of SIVcpz infection of captive chimpanzees therefore shares features of both non-pathogenic and pathogenic lentivirus infections.

【 授权许可】

CC BY