Temperature, Viral Genetics, and the Transmission of West Nile Virus by Culex pipiens Mosquitoes

PLoS Pathogens

A. Marm Kilpatrick¹  Mark A. Meola²  Robin M. Moudy³  Laura D. Kramer³ 

[1] Consortium for Conservation Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America;Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, United States of America

关键词: Mosquitoes;    West Nile virus;    Pathogens;    Blood;    Viral replication;    Host-pathogen interactions;    Viral vectors;    Vector-borne diseases;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.ppat.1000092

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

The distribution and intensity of transmission of vector-borne pathogens can be strongly influenced by the competence of vectors. Vector competence, in turn, can be influenced by temperature and viral genetics. West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced into the United States of America in 1999 and subsequently spread throughout much of the Americas. Previously, we have shown that a novel genotype of WNV, WN02, first detected in 2001, spread across the US and was more efficient than the introduced genotype, NY99, at infecting, disseminating, and being transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. In the current study, we determined the relationship between temperature and time since feeding on the probability of transmitting each genotype of WNV. We found that the advantage of the WN02 genotype increases with the product of time and temperature. Thus, warmer temperatures would have facilitated the invasion of the WN02 genotype. In addition, we found that transmission of WNV accelerated sharply with increasing temperature, T, (best fit by a function of T4) showing that traditional degree-day models underestimate the impact of temperature on WNV transmission. This laboratory study suggests that both viral evolution and temperature help shape the distribution and intensity of transmission of WNV, and provides a model for predicting the impact of temperature and global warming on WNV transmission.

【 授权许可】

CC BY