Biomass and energy

Quimica nova

Goldemberg, José¹ 

[1] Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil

关键词: biomass;    energy.;   

DOI  :  10.1590/S0100-40422009000300004

学科分类：化学（综合）

来源: Sociedade Brasileira de Quimica

【 摘 要 】

Biomass was the dominating source of energyfor human activities until the middle 19th century, when coal, oil, gas andother energy sources became increasingly important but it still represents ca.10% of the worldwide energy supply. The major part of biomass for energy isstill "traditional biomass" used as wood and coal extracted from nativeforests and thus non-sustainable, used with low efficiency for cooking and homeheating, causing pollution problems. This use is largely done in rural areasand it is usually not supported by trading activities. There is now a strongtrend to the modernization of biomass use, especially making alcohol from sugarcane thus replacing gasoline, or biodiesel to replace Diesel oil, beyond theproduction of electricity and vegetable coal using wood from planted forests.As recently as in 2004, sustainable "modern biomass" represented 2%of worldwide energy consumption. This article discusses the perspectives ofthe "first" and "second" technology generations for liquidfuel production, as well as biomass gaseification to make electricity or syngasthat is in turn used in the Fischer-Tropsch process.

【 授权许可】

CC BY