Cedar Virus: A Novel Henipavirus Isolated from Australian Bats

PLoS Pathogens

Jennifer A. Barr¹  Volker Haring¹  Lin-Fa Wang¹  Shawn Todd¹  Jean Payne¹  Adam J. Foord¹  Ivano Broz¹  Gary Crameri¹  Glenn A. Marsh¹  Deborah Middleton¹  Rachel Robinson¹  Mary Tachedjian¹  Meng Yu¹  Craig Smith²  Carol de Jong²  Hume E. Field² 

[1] CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia;Queensland Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biosecurity Queensland, Coopers Plain, Australia

关键词: Fruit bats;    Ferrets;    Antibodies;    Hendra virus;    Henipavirus;    Paramyxoviruses;    Polymerase chain reaction;    Guinea pigs;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.ppat.1002836

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

The genus Henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae contains two viruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) for which pteropid bats act as the main natural reservoir. Each virus also causes serious and commonly lethal infection of people as well as various species of domestic animals, however little is known about the associated mechanisms of pathogenesis. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new paramyxovirus from pteropid bats, Cedar virus (CedPV), which shares significant features with the known henipaviruses. The genome size (18,162 nt) and organization of CedPV is very similar to that of HeV and NiV; its nucleocapsid protein displays antigenic cross-reactivity with henipaviruses; and it uses the same receptor molecule (ephrin- B2) for entry during infection. Preliminary challenge studies with CedPV in ferrets and guinea pigs, both susceptible to infection and disease with known henipaviruses, confirmed virus replication and production of neutralizing antibodies although clinical disease was not observed. In this context, it is interesting to note that the major genetic difference between CedPV and HeV or NiV lies within the coding strategy of the P gene, which is known to play an important role in evading the host innate immune system. Unlike HeV, NiV, and almost all known paramyxoviruses, the CedPV P gene lacks both RNA editing and also the coding capacity for the highly conserved V protein. Preliminary study indicated that CedPV infection of human cells induces a more robust IFN-β response than HeV.

【 授权许可】

CC BY