ROS production in phagocytes: why, when, and where?

Journal of Leukocyte Biology: An Official Publication of the Reticuloendothelial Society

关键词: neutrophil;    NADPH oxidase;    detection methods;   

DOI  :  10.1189/jlb.1012544

学科分类：生理学

来源: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

【 摘 要 】

Inthephagocytosisfield,ROSproductionbythephagocyteNOXhasbeenassociatedwithpathogenkillingforthelast50years.SincethediscoveryofnonphagocyteNOX,numerousotherrolesforROSproductionhavebeenidentified.OxidativestressandROS‐mediatedsignalinghavereceivedmuchattentioninrecentyears.MuchlowerconcentrationsofROSmayberequiredforsignalingcomparedwithmicrobialkilling.Basedonthediscoveriesinnonphagocyticcells,itbecamelogicaltolookforROSfunctionsdistinctfrompathogenkilling,eveninphagocytes.ROSarenowlinkedtovariousformsofcelldeath,tochemotaxis,andtonumerousmodificationsofcellularprocesses,includingtheNOXitself.ROSfunctionsareclearlyconcentration‐dependentoverawiderangeofconcentrations.Howmuchisrequiredforwhichfunction?Whichspeciesarerequiredforhowmuchtime?IsROSsignalingonlyasideeffectofbactericidalROSproduction?OnemajorobstacletoanswerthesequestionsisthedifficultyofreliablequantitativeROSdetection.Signaltransductionoftentakesplaceonasubcellularscaleoverperiodsofsecondsorminutes,sothedetectionmethodsneedtoprovideappropriatetimeandspaceresolution.WepresentexamplesoflocalROSproduction,decreaseddegradation,signalingevents,andpotentiallyROS‐sensitivefunctions.WeattempttoillustratethecurrentlimitationsforquantitativespatiotemporalROSdetectionandpointoutdirectionsforongoingdevelopment.ProbesforlocalizedROSdetectionandforcombineddetectionofROS,togetherwithproteinlocalizationorothercellularparameters,areconstantlyimproved...

【 授权许可】

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