The role of macrophages in obesity‐driven chronic liver disease

Journal of Leukocyte Biology: An Official Publication of the Reticuloendothelial Society

关键词: monocyte;    Kupffer cell;    nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;    steatohepatitis;   

DOI  :  10.1189/jlb.5RU0116-016R

学科分类：生理学

来源: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

【 摘 要 】

Overnutritionandasedentarylifestylehaveresultedintheexpansionofhumanobesityandassociatedmetaboliccomplications.NonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasehasbecomethemostcommonchronicliverdiseaseinWesterndevelopedcountriesandcanrangefromsimplehepaticsteatosistoacombinationofsteatosis,inflammation,andballooningdegeneration(nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis).Obesityanditsrelatedliverdiseasearebothriskfactorsforhepatocellularcarcinoma,theincidenceofwhichisexpectedtoincreaserapidly.Thepathogenesisofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseanditsprogressiontononalcoholicsteatohepatitisandhepatocellularcarcinomainvolveaderegulatedlipidmetabolismandadisruptionofimmunehomeostasisandtissueintegrityandareassociatedwithastateofchronicinflammation.Macrophagesareimmunecellsessentialformaintenanceoforganfunctionandhomeostasisbutcanalsocontributetotissuedamageandmaintainaproinflammatoryresponse.Theirfunctiondependsontheirorigin,andtissueandcanbeconvertedbasedonlocalenvironmentalcues.Residentlivermacrophages,Kupffercells,whichfunctionassentinels,provideafirstdefenseandareassistedbyinfiltratingmonocytesincasesofhepaticinsult.Untilnow,thecontributionoftissue‐residingandinfiltratingmacrophagestotheonsetandprogressionofnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease,nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis,andhepatocellularcarcinomahasbeenonlypartiallyunraveled.Thisreviewsummarizesthecurrentknowledgeonthecontributionofmacrophagesubsetstoobesity‐drivenfattyliverdiseaseanditscomplicationsandshedslightonstillunexploredareas...

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