Adipose tissue macrophages: their role in adipose tissue remodeling

Journal of Leukocyte Biology: An Official Publication of the Reticuloendothelial Society

关键词: adipocytes;    homeostatic inflammation;    obesity;    Toll‐;    like receptor;    saturated fatty acids;   

DOI  :  10.1189/jlb.0210072

学科分类：生理学

来源: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

【 摘 要 】

Theadiposetissuesecretesalargenumberofbioactivesubstances,adipocytokines,whichmaybeinvolvedinavarietyofphysiologicandpathologicprocesses.Unbalancedproductionofpro‐andanti‐inflammatoryadipocytokinesseeninvisceralfatobesitycontributescriticallytothedevelopmentofthemetabolicsyndrome.Evidencehasaccumulatedindicatingthatobesityisassociatedwithastateofchronic,low‐gradeinflammation,suggestingthatinflammationmaybeapotentialmechanism,wherebyobesityleadstoinsulinresistance.Indeed,obeseadiposetissueischaracterizedbyadipocytehypertrophy,followedbyincreasedangiogenesis,immunecellinfiltration,extracellularmatrixoverproduction,andthus,increasedproductionofproinflammatoryadipocytokinesduringtheprogressionofchronicinflammation.Thedynamicchangefoundintheadiposetissuecanbereferredtoas“adiposetissueremodeling,”inwhichstromalcellschangedramaticallyinnumberandcelltypeduringthecourseofobesity.Amongstromalcells,infiltrationofmacrophagesintheadiposetissueprecedesthedevelopmentofinsulinresistanceinanimalmodels,suggestingthattheyarecrucialforobesity‐relatedadiposetissueinflammation.WehavedemonstratedthataparacrineloopinvolvingsaturatedfattyacidsandTNF‐αderivedfromadipocytesandmacrophages,respectively,aggravatesobesity‐inducedadiposetissueinflammation.Notably,saturatedfattyacids,whicharereleasedfromhypertrophiedadipocytesviathemacrophage‐inducedlipolysis,serveasanaturallyoccurringligandforTLR4complex,therebyactivatingmacrophages.Understandingthemolecularmechanismunderlyingadiposetissueremodelingmayleadtotheidentificationofnovel,therapeuticstrategiestopreventortreatobesity‐inducedadiposetissueinflammation...

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