Neural and Mental Hierarchies

Frontiers in Psychology

Gerald Wiest¹ 

关键词: hierarchies;    evolution;    mind;    brain;    self;    behavior;    mental;    psychoanalysis;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00516

学科分类：心理学（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The history of the sciences of the human brain and mind has been characterized from the beginning by two parallel traditions. The prevailing theory that still influences the way current neuroimaging techniques interpret brain function, can be traced back to classical localizational theories, which in turn go back to early phrenological theories. The other approach has its origins in the hierarchical neurological theories of Hughlings-Jackson, which have been influenced by the philosophical conceptions of Herbert Spencer. Another hallmark of the hierarchical tradition, which is also inherent to psychoanalytic metapsychology, is its deeply evolutionary perspective by taking both ontogenetic and phylogenetic trajectories into consideration. This article provides an outline on hierarchical concepts in brain and mind sciences, which contrast with current cognitivistic and non-hierarchical theories in the neurosciences.

【 授权许可】

CC BY