The caligid life cycle: new evidence from Lepeophtheirus elegans reconciles the cycles of Caligus and Lepeophtheirus (Copepoda: Caligidae)

Parasite

and Geoffrey Allan Boxshall²  Anna Iglikowska³  Jung-Goo Myoung⁴  Ho Young Soh⁵  Sung-Yong Oh⁴  Susumu Ohtsuka¹  Seong Yong Moon⁵  Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran⁴ 

[1] Takehara Marine Science Station, Setouchi Field Science Centre, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University,5-8-1 Minato-machi, Takehara, Hiroshima 725-0024,Japan;Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum,Cromwell Road,London SW7 5BD,UK;Marine Ecology Department, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences,Powstańców Warszawy 55,81-712 Sopot,Poland;Marine Ecosystem Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, P.O. Box 29,Seoul 425-600,Korea;Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University,Yeosu 550-749,Korea

关键词: developmental stages;    larval stages;    life cycle;    sea louse;    Copepoda;    Caligidae;   

Others  :  808605
DOI  :  doi:10.1051/parasite/2013015

 received in 2013-02-21, accepted in 2013-04-17,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

The developmental stages of the sea louse Lepeophtheirus elegans (Copepoda: Caligidae) are described from material collected from marine ranched Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. In L. elegans, setal number on the proximal segment of the antennule increases from 3 in the copepodid to 27 in the adult. Using the number of setae as a stage marker supports the inference that the post-naupliar phase of the life cycle comprises six stages: copepodid, chalimus I, chalimus II, pre-adult I, pre-adult II, and the adult. We observed variation in body length in both of the chalimus stages which we consider represents an early expression of sexual size dimorphism. We interpret the larger specimens of chalimus I as putative females, and the smaller as putative males; similarly with chalimus II, larger specimens are putative females and the smaller are males. Two patterns of life cycle are currently recognized within the Caligidae but the evidence presented here reconciles the two. We conclude that the typical caligid life cycle comprises only eight stages: two naupliar, one copepodid, and four chalimus stages preceding the adult in Caligus, but with the four chalimus stages represented by two chalimus and two pre-adult stages in Lepeophtheirus. This is a profound change with significant implications for the aquaculture industry, given that lice monitoring protocols include counts of chalimus stages and use temperature to predict when they will moult into the more pathogenic, mobile pre-adults. Lice management strategies must be tailored to the precise life cycle of the parasite.

【 授权许可】

   
© B. Venmathi Maran et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2013

【 图 表 】

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