The repellency of lemongrass oil against stable flies, tested using video tracking

Parasite

and Pierre Jay-Robert²  Gérard Duvallet²  Thibaud Martin¹  Michel Franc³  Emilie Delétré¹  Emmanuel Liénard³  Ali Salem³  Coline Tramut²  Frédéric Baldacchino² 

[1] Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UR-Hortsys,Montpellier,France;Dynamique et Gouvernance des Systèmes Écologiques, Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175, Université Paul-Valéry (UM3),Montpellier,France;Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale Vétérinaire (ENVT),Toulouse,France

关键词: video tracking;    Cymbopogon citratus;    lemongrass;    repellent;    stable fly;    Stomoxys calcitrans;   

Others  :  808581
DOI  :  doi:10.1051/parasite/2013021

 received in 2013-02-25, accepted in 2013-05-31,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in laboratory conditions. First, we demonstrated that lemongrass oil is an active substance for antennal olfactory receptor cells of Stomoxys calcitrans as indicated by a significant increase in the electroantennogram responses to increasing doses of lemongrass oil. Feeding-choice tests in a flight cage with stable flies having access to two blood-soaked sanitary pads, one of which was treated with lemongrass oil, showed that stable flies (n = 24) spent significantly more time in the untreated zone (median value = 218.4 s) than in the treated zone (median value = 63.7 s). No stable flies fed on the treated pad, whereas nine fed on the untreated pad. These results suggest that lemongrass oil could be used as an effective repellent against stable flies. Additional studies to confirm its spatial repellent and feeding deterrent effects are warranted.

【 授权许可】

   
© F. Baldacchino et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2013

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Bartlett C. 1985. An olfactometer for measuring the repellent effect of chemicals on the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L). Pesticide Science, 16, 479–487.
• [2]Chisowa EH, Hall DR, Farman DI. 1998. Volatile constituents of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf grown in Zambia. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 13, 29–30.
• [3]Cilek JE. 2003. Attraction of colored plasticized corrugated boards to adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). Florida Entomologist, 86, 420–423.
• [4]Cilek JE, Greene GL. 1994. Stable flies (Diptera, Muscidae) insecticide resistance in Kansas cattle feedlots. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87, 275–279.
• [5]Cilek JE, Hallmon CF, Johnson R. 2011. Efficacy of several commercially formulated essential oils against caged female Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus when operationally applied via an automatic-timed insecticide application system. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 27, 252–255. [PubMed]
• [6]Cooperband MF, Allan SA. 2009. Effects of different pyrethroids on landing behavior of female Aedes aegypti, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 46, 292–306. [PubMed]
• [7]Desquesnes M, Bossard G, Patrel D, Herder S, Patout O, Lepetitcolin E, Thevenon S, Berthier D, Pavlovic D, Brugidou R, Jacquiet P, Schelcher F, Faye B, Touratier L, Cuny G. 2008. First outbreak of Trypanosoma evansi in camels in metropolitan France. Veterinary Record, 162, 750–752.
• [8]Dsouli Aymes N, Mavoungo JF, De Stordeur E, Duvallet G. 2009. Landscape, population structure and genetic diversity of Stomoxys calcitrans. Parasite, 16, 37–41. [PubMed]
• [9]Foil LD, Hogsette JA. 1994. Biology and control of tabanids, stable flies and horn flies. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 13, 1125–1158.
• [10]Gatti S, Ferveur JF, Martin JR. 2000. Genetic identification of neurons controlling a sexually dimorphic behaviour. Current Biology, 10, 667–670.
• [11]Gibson G, Torr SJ. 1999. Visual and olfactory responses of haematophagous Diptera to host stimuli. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 13, 2–23. [PubMed]
• [12]Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis. Paleontologia electronica, 4, 2–9.
• [13]Hieu TT, Kim SI, Kwon HW, Ahn YJ. 2010. Enhanced repellency of binary mixtures of Zanthoxylum piperitum pericarp steam distillate or Zanthoxylum armatum seed oil constituents and Calophyllum inophyllum nut oil and their aerosols to Stomoxys calcitrans. Pest Management Science, 66, 1191–1198. [PubMed]
• [14]Jeanbourquin P, Guerin PM. 2007. Sensory and behavioural responses of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans to rumen volatiles. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 21, 217–224. [PubMed]
• [15]Keawrayup S, Duvallet G, Sukonthabhirom S, Chareonviriyaphap T. 2012. Diversity of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) and diurnal variations of activity of Stomoxys indicus and S. calcitrans in a farm, in Wang Nam Khiao District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Parasite, 19, 259–265. [PubMed]
• [16]Kumar P, Mishra S, Malik A, Satya S. 2011. Repellent, larvicidal and pupicidal properties of essential oils and their formulations against the housefly, Musca domestica. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 25, 302–310. [PubMed]
• [17]Laveissiere C, Grebaut P. 1990. Research on tsetse-fly traps (Diptera, Glossinidae) – Development of an economic model, the Vavoua trap. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 41, 185–192.
• [18]Leal WS, Uchida K. 1998. Application of GC-EAD to the determination of mosquito repellents derived from a plant, Cymbopogon citratus. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 1, 217–221.
• [19]Liénard E, Salem A, Jacquiet P, Grisez C, Prévot F, Blanchard B, Bouhsira E, Franc M. 2012. Development of a protocol testing the ability of Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) to transmit Besnoitia besnoiti (Henry, 1913) (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae). Parasitology Research, 112, 479–486. [PubMed]
• [20]Lopez-Sanchez J, Cruz-Vazquez C, Lezama-Gutierrez R, Ramos-Parra M. 2012. Effect of entomopathogenic fungi upon adults of Stomoxys calcitrans and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 22, 969–973.
• [21]Marcon P, Thomas GD, Siegfried BD, Campbell JB. 1997. Susceptibility of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) from southeastern Nebraska beef cattle feedlots to selected insecticides and comparison of 3 bioassay techniques. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90, 293–298. [PubMed]
• [22]Martin JR. 2004. A portrait of locomotor behaviour in Drosophila determined by a video-tracking paradigm. Behavioural Processes, 67, 207–219. [PubMed]
• [23]Mavoungo JF, Jay-Robert P, Gilles J, Atsame Edda A, Duvallet G. 2008. Ecologie des stomoxes (Diptera : Muscidae) au Gabon. I-Premier inventaire dans différentes zones écologiques. Parasite, 15, 27–34. [PubMed]
• [24]Mihok S. 2002. The development of a multipurpose trap (the Nzi) for tsetse and other biting flies. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 92, 385–403. [PubMed]
• [25]Moore SJ, Darling ST, Sihuincha M, Padilla N, Devine GJ. 2007. A low-cost repellent for malaria vectors in the Americas: results of two field trials in Guatemala and Peru. Malaria Journal, 6, 101. [PubMed]
• [26]Mullen GR, Durden LA. 2002. Medical and veterinary entomology. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
• [27]Mullens BA, Lii KS, Mao Y, Meyer JA, Peterson NG, Szijj CE. 2006. Behavioural responses of dairy cattle to the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, in an open field environment. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 20, 122–137. [PubMed]
• [28]Noldus LPJJ, Spink AJ, Tegelenbosch RAJ. 2002. Computerised video tracking, movement analysis and behaviour recognition in insects. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 35, 201–227.
• [29]Oyedele AO, Gbolade AA, Sosan MB, Adewoyin FB, Soyelu OL, Orafidiya OO. 2002. Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from lemongrass oil. Phytomedicine, 9, 259–262. [PubMed]
• [30]Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. 2011. Comparative mosquito repellency of essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1, 113–118.
• [31]Pitzer JB, Kaufman PE, Tenbroeck SH. 2010. Assessing permethrin resistance in the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in florida by using laboratory selections and field evaluations. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103, 2258–2263. [PubMed]
• [32]Revay EE, Junnila A, Xue RD, Kline DL, Bernier UR, Kravchenko VD, Qualls WA, Ghattas N, Müller GC. 2013. Evaluation of commercial products for personal protection against mosquitoes. Acta Tropica, 125, 226–230. [PubMed]
• [33]Rojht H, Kosir IJ, Trdan S. 2012. Chemical analysis of three herbal extracts and observation of their activity against adults of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Leptinotarsa decemlineata using a video tracking system. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 119, 59–67.
• [34]Salem A, Bouhsira E, Lienard E, Bousquet Melou A, Jacquiet P, Franc M. 2012. Susceptibility of two European strains of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, λ-cyalothrin, permethrin and phoxim. Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 10, 249–257.
• [35]Salem A, Franc M, Jacquiet P, Bouhsira E, Lienard E. 2012. Feeding and breeding aspects of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) under laboratory conditions. Parasite, 19, 309–317. [PubMed]
• [36]Schofield S, Cork A, Brady J. 1995. Electroantennogram responses of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, to components of host odor. Physiological Entomology, 20, 273–280.
• [37]Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. 2011. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1, 124–128. [PubMed]
• [38]Stella Nerio L, Olivero-Verbel J, Stashenko E. 2010. Repellent activity of essential oils: A review. Bioresource Technology, 101, 372–378. [PubMed]
• [39]Taylor DB, Moon RD, Mark DR. 2012. Economic impact of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy and beef cattle production. Journal of Medical Entomology, 49, 198–209. [PubMed]
• [40]Trigg JK, Hill N. 1996. Laboratory evaluation of a eucalyptus-based repellent against four biting arthropods. Phytotherapy Research, 10, 313–316.
• [41]Warnes ML, Finlayson LH. 1986. Electroantennogram responses of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, to carbon-dioxide and other odors. Physiological Entomology, 11, 469–473.
• [42]Zhu JJ, Berkebile DR, Dunlap CA, Zhang A, Boxler D, Tangtrakulwanich K, Behle RW, Baxendale F, Brewer G. 2012. Nepetalactones from essential oil of Nepeta cataria represent a stable fly feeding and oviposition repellent. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 26, 131–138. [PubMed]
• [43]Zhu JJ, Zeng XP, Berkebile D, Du HJ, Tong Y, Qian K. 2009. Efficacy and safety of catnip (Nepeta cataria) as a novel filth fly repellent. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 23, 209–216. [PubMed]
• [44]Zhu JWJ, Dunlap CA, Behle RW, Berkebile DR, Wienhold B. 2010. Repellency of a wax-based catnip-oil formulation against stable flies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 12320–12326. [PubMed]