A New Ionic Liquid for a Redox Electrolyte of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

ETRI Journal

关键词: redox electrolyte;    molten salt;    1-vinyl-3-heptylimidazolium iodide;    ionic liquid;    Dye-sensitized solar cell;   

Others  :  1185007
DOI  :  10.4218/etrij.04.0103.0152

【 摘 要 】

A new ionic liquid, 1-vinyl-3-heptylimidazolium iodide (VHpII), was synthesized and applied as a redox electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells. The chemical structure of the synthesized VHpII was confirmed using 1H NMR. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the VHpII was stable for thermal stress of up to 250˚C. The energy conversion efficiencies of the VHpII-based dye-sensitized solar cells were investigated in terms of the effect of a lithium iodide addition. A solar cell containing the redox couple of VHpII and iodine showed a conversion efficiency of 2.63% under 1 sun light intensity at AM 1.5. Adding 0.4 M LiI results in a conversion efficiency of 3.63%, which was an improvement of about 40%. The increased conversion efficiency was ascribed to an increase in external quantum efficiency.

   

【 参考文献 】

• [1]B. O’Regan and M. Gratzel, "A Lost-Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cell Based on Dye-Sensitized Colloidal TiO2 Films," Nature, vol. 353, Oct. 1991, pp. 737-739.
• [2]G.R.R.A. Kumara, A. Konno, G.K.R. Senadeera, P.V.V. Jayaweera, D.B.R.A. Silva, and K. Tennakone, "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with the Hole Collector p-CuSCN Deposited from a Solution in n-Propyl Sulphide," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 69, no. 2, Sep
• [3]B. O’Regan, D.T. Schwartz, S.M. Zakeeruddin, and M. Gratzel, "Electrodeposited Nanocomposite n-p Heterojunctions for Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Photovoltaics," Adv. Mater., vol. 12, no. 17, Sept. 2000, pp. 1263-1267.
• [4]J. Kruger, R. Plass, L. Cevey, M. Piccirelli, M. Gratzel, and U. Bach, "High Efficiency Solid-State Photovoltaic Device due to Inhibition of Interface Charge Recombination," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 79, no. 13, Sep. 2001, pp. 2085-2087.
• [5]K. Murakoshi, R. Kogure, Y. Wada, and S. Yanagida, "Fabrication of Solid-State Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells Combined with Polypyrrole," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 55, July 1998, pp. 113-125.
• [6]J.J. Dittmer, E.A. Marseglia, and R.H. Friend, "Electron Trapping in Dye/Polymer Blend Photovoltaic Cells," Adv. Mater., vol. 12, no. 17, Sept. 2000, pp.?1270-1274.
• [7]A.C. Arango, L.R. Johnson, V.N. Bliznyuk, Z. Schlesinger, S.A. Carter, and H.-H. Horhold, "Efficient Titanium Oxide/Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaics for Solar Energy Conversion," Adv. Mater., vol. 12, no. 22, Nov. 2000, pp. 1689-1692.
• [8]W. Kubo, K. Murakoshi, T. Kitamura, S. Yoshida, M. Haruki, K. Hanabusa, H. Shirai, Y. Wada, and S. Yanagida, "Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Effective Charge Transport in Mesoporous Space Filled with Gel Electrolytes Containing Iodide
• [9]E. Stathatos, P. Lianos, U. Lavrencic-Stangar, and B. Orel, "A High Performance Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell Employing a Nanocomposite Gel Electrolyte Made by the Sol-Gel Route," Adv. Mater., vol. 14, no. 5, Mar. 2002, pp. 354 -357
• [10]S. Murai, S. Mikoshiba, H. Sumino, T. Kato, and S. Hayase, "Quasi-solid Dye Sensitised Solar Cells Filled with Phase-Separated Chemically Cross-Linked Ionic Gels," chem. comm., vol. 2003, no. 13, 2003, pp. 1534 -1535.
• [11]P. Wang, S.M. Zakeeruddin, I. Exnar, and M. Gratzel, "High Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Solar Cells Based on Ionic Liquid Polymer Gel Electrolyte," Chem. Comm., vol. 2002, no. 24, Nov. 2002, pp. 2972-2973.
• [12]W. Kubo, T. Kitamura, K. Hanabusa, Y. Wada, and S. Yanagida, "Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Room Temperature Molten Salts and a Low Molecular Weight Gelator," Chem. Comm., vol. 2002, no. 4, Feb. 2002, pp. 374-375.
• [13]M.G.. Kang, N.-G. Park, K.M. Kim, K.S. Ryu, S.H. Chang, J.S. Hong, and K.-J. Kang, "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Polymer Gel Electrolytes Based on Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene)," J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 151, no. 7, June 2004, pp.
• [14]F.H. Hurley and T.P. Wier, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 98, 1951, p. 203.
• [15]J.S. Wilkes and M.J. Zaworotko, "Air and Water Stable 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazlium Based Ionic Liquids," J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, pp. 965-967.
• [16]P. Bonhote, A.-P. Dias, N10.1021/ic951325x. Papageorgiou, K. Kalyanasundaram, and M. Gratzel, "Hydrophobic, Highly Conductive Ambient-Temperature Molten Salts," Inorg. Chem., vol. 35, no. 5, 1996, pp. 1168 -1178.
• [17]N. Papageorgiou, Y. Athanassov, M. Armand, P. Bonhote, H. Pettersson, A. Azam, and M. Gratzel, "The Performance and Stability of Ambient Temperature Molten Salts for Solar Cell Applications," J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 143, no. 10, Oct. 1996, pp. 3099-310
• [18]H. Matsumoto, T. Matsuda, T. Tsuda, R. Hagiwara, Y. Ito, and Y. Miyazaki, "The Application of Room Temperature Molten Salt with Low Viscosity to the Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell," Chem. Lett., vol. 30, no. 1, Aug. 2001, pp. 26-27.
• [19]H. Ohno, "Molten Salt Type Polymer Electrolytes," Electrochim. Acta, vol. 46, no. 10, Mar. 2001, pp. 1407-1411.
• [20]N.-G. Park, S.-H. Chang, J. van de Lagemaat, K.-J. Kim, and A.J. Frank, "Effect of Cations on the Open-Circuit Photovoltage and the Charge-Injection Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Rutile TiO2 Films," Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., vol. 21, no. 10,
• [21]M.K. Mazeerudin, A. Kay, I. Rodicio, R. Humphry-Baker, E. Muller, P. Liska, N. Vlachopoulos, and M. Gratzel, "Conversion of Light to Electricity by Cis-X2bis(2,2’-Bipyridyl-4,4’-Dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II) Charge-Transfer Sensitizers (X = Cl-, Br-, I-,
• [22]S.Y. Huang, G. Schlichthorl, A.J. Nozik, M. Gratzel, and A.J. Frank, "Charge Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 Solar Cells," J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 101, no. 14, Apr. 1997, pp. 2576-2582.