Parasite | |
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium-like infection in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) of northwestern Iran | |
and T. Moradi1  M. Yakhchali2  | |
[1] Laboratory technitioner in Miandoab,Iran;Department of Pathobiology, Parasitology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nazlu campus, Urmia University,Urmia city,West Azerbaijan province,PO BOX 57153-1177,Iran | |
关键词: Iran; camel; livestock; prevalence; protozoan; Cryptosporidium; | |
Others : 808834 DOI : doi:10.1051/parasite/2012191071 |
|
received in 2011-07-01, accepted in 2011-09-30, 发布年份 2012 | |
【 摘 要 】
Cryptosporidium is a ubiquitous enteropathogen protozoan infection affecting livestock worldwide. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in different age groups of dromedary camels in northwestern Iran from November 2009 to July 2010. A total number of 170 fecal samples were collected and examined using modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining under light microscope. Examination of stained fecal smears revealed that 17 camels (10%) were positive for Cryptosporidium-like. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium-like was significantly higher in camel calves (< 1 years old) (20%) than other age groups, in which the diarrhoeic calves had the prevalence of 16%. In adult camels the prevalence was 6.5%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium-like between male and female camels. It is concluded that Cryptosporidium infection is a problem in camel husbandry and could be of public health concern in the region.
【 授权许可】
© PRINCEPS Editions, Paris, 2012
【 预 览 】
Files | Size | Format | View |
---|---|---|---|
20140708175127129.pdf | 1308KB | download | |
Fig. 2. | 87KB | Image | download |
Fig. 1. | 81KB | Image | download |
【 图 表 】
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
【 参考文献 】
- [1]Abdel-Wahab A. & Abdel-Maogood S. Identification of Cryptosporidium species infecting camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt. Journal of American Science, 2011, 7 (2), 609–612.
- [2]Baxby D., Blundell N. & Hart C.A. The development and performance of a simple sensitive method for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in faeces. Journal of Hygiene Cambridge, 1984, 99, 317–323.
- [3]Borji H., Razmi G.H.,Movassaghi A.R., Naghibi A.G. & Maleki M. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria infections in dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) in abattoir of Mashhad, Iran. Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2009, 16 (2), 167–170.
- [4]Bull S.A., Chalmers R.M., Sturdee A.P. & Healing T.D. A survey of Cryptosporidium species in Skomer bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus skomerensis). Journal of Zoology, 1998, 244, 119–122.
- [5]Caccio S.M. Molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis. Parassitologia, 2005, 47, 185–192. [PubMed]
- [6]Castro-Hermida J.A., Gonzalez-Losada Y.A. & Ares-Mazas E. Prevalence and risk factors involved in the spread of neonatal bovine cryptosporidiosis in Galicia (NW Spain). Veterinary Parasitology, 2002, 106, 1–10. [PubMed]
- [7]Causapé A.C., Quilez J., Sanchez-Acedo C., Del Cacho E. & Lopez-Bernad F. Prevalence and analysis of potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium parvum infection in lambs in Zaragoza (northeastern Spain). Veterinary Parasitology, 2002, 104, 287–298. [PubMed]
- [8]Chalmers R.M., Sturdee A.P., Bull S.A., Miller A. & Wright S.E. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. muris in Mus domesticus, Apodemus sylvaticus and Clethrionomys glareolus in an agricultural system. Parasitology Research, 1997, 83, 478–482. [PubMed]
- [9]de Graaf D.C., Vanopdenbosch E., Ortega-Mora L.M., Abbasi H. & Peeters J.E. A review of the importance of cryptosporidiosis in farm animals. International Journal for Parasitology, 1999, 29, 1269–1287. [PubMed]
- [10]El Kelesh E.A., Abdel-Maogood S.Z. & Abdel-Wahab A.M. Comparative studies on some Cryptosporidium species infecting different animals. Egyptian Veterinary Medical Society of Parasitology Journal, 2009, 5, 19–36.
- [11]Fayer R. & Ungar B.L.P. Cryptosporidium spp. and cryptosporidiosis. Microbiology Reviews, 1986, 50, 458–483.
- [12]Fayer R. Cryptosporidium: a water-borne zoonotic parasite. Veterinary Parasitology, 2004, 126, 37–56. [PubMed]
- [13]Fayer R. Taxonomy and species delimitation in Cryptosporidium. Experimental Parasitology, 2010, 124, 90–97. [PubMed]
- [14]Graczyk T.K., Grimse B.H., Knight R., DaSilva A.J., Pieniazek N.J. & Veal D.A. Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia carried by synanthropic flies by combined fluorescent in situ hybridization and a monoclonal antibody. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2003, 68, 228–232.
- [15]Hendrix C.M. Diagnostic Veterinary Medicine, 2nd edition. Mosby Publishers, St. Louis, 1998, 257–259.
- [16]Henricksen S.A. & Polenz J.F. Staining of Cryptosporidia by modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 1981, 22, 594–596. [PubMed]
- [17]Joachim A. Human cryptosporidiosis: an update with special emphasis on the situation in Europe. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, 2004, 51, 251–259. [PubMed]
- [18]Minas A., Koutsoukou-Hartona W. & Papasavvas M. Epidemiological survey of diarrhoeic faeces of lambs and kids for cryptosporidial oocysts in the Larissa region. Bulletin of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 1994, 44, 112–114.
- [19]Mirzaei M. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. infection in diarrhoeic humans in Iran. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 2007, 45, 133–137. [PubMed]
- [20]Nahrevanian H., Assmar M. & Ghorbani Samin M. Cryptosporidiosis among immunocompetent patients with gastroenteritis in Iran: a comparison with other enteropathogenic parasites. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 2007, 40, 154–156.
- [21]Nazifi S., Behzadi M.A., Haddadi S.H., Raayat Jahromi A., Mehrshad S. & Amadon A. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium isolated from dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Qeshm Island, Southern Iran. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2010, 19, 311–314.
- [22]Nouri M.A. Cryptosporidium muris like parasite in cattle and camels in Iran. Indian Veterinary Journal, 2002, 79, 558–559.
- [23]Oryan A., Valinezhad A. & Bahrami S. Prevalence and pathology of camel filariasis in Iran. Parasitology Research, 2008, 103, 1125–1131. [PubMed]
- [24]Razavi S.M., Oryan A., Bahrami S., Mohammadalipour A. & Gowhari M. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in a slaughterhouse in Iran. Tropical Biomedicine, 2009, 26 (3), 267–273. [PubMed]
- [25]Saleh M.A. & Mahran O.M. A preliminary study on cryptosporidiosis in dromedary camels at Shalatin Area, Egypt. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 2007, 53 (112), 195–208.
- [26]Smallwood J.E. A guided tour of veterinary anatomy. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1992, 322–323.
- [27]Soltane R., Guyot K., Dei-Cas E. & Ayadi A. Cryptosporidium parvum (Eucoccidiorida: Cryptosporiidae) in calves: results of a longitudinal study in a dairy farm in Tunisia. Parasite, 2007, 14, 309–312. [PubMed]
- [28]Soulsby E.J.L. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of domesticated animals, 7th edition. Bailliere Tindall, London, 1982.
- [29]Sunnotel O., Lowery C.J., Moore J.E., Dooley J.S.G., Xiao L. & Millar B.C. Cryptosporidium. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2006, 43, 7–16. [PubMed]
- [30]Thrusfield M. Veterinary Epidemiology, 2nd edition. Blackwell Sciences, Oxford, 1997, 182.
- [31]Wang R., Zhang L., Ning C., Feng Y., Jian F., Xiao L., Lu B., Ai W. & Dong H. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium andersoni (Apicomplexa) isolated from a Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) in China. Parasitology Research, 2008, 102, 915–920. [PubMed]
- [32]Wernery U. & Kdaden O.R. Infectious diseases in camelids. Blackwell Sciences, Oxford, 2002, 3–17.
- [33]Xiao L., Herd R.P. & Rings D.M. Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium on a sheep farm with neonatal diarrhoea by immunofluorescense assays. Veterinary Parasitology, 1993, 47, 17–22. [PubMed]
- [34]Xiao L.H., Fayer R., Ryan U. & Upton S.J. Cryptosporidium taxonomy: recent advances and implications for public health. Clinical Microbiology, 2004, 17, 72–97. [PubMed]
- [35]Yakhchali M. & Chraghi E. Eimeriosis in bacterian and dromedary camels in the Miandoab region Iran. Acta Veterinaria (Beograd), 2007, 57 (5–6), 545–552.
- [36]Yakhchali M. & Gholami E. Prevalence of Eimeria and Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle of Sanandaj city (Kurdistan province), Iran. Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 2008, 87, 81–87 (in Persian with English abstract).
- [37]Yakhchali M. & Athari SH. A study on prevalence of Eimeria spp. infection in camels of Tabriz region. Archives of Razi Institute, 2010, 65 (2), 111–115.