Changes in estrone and estradiol levels during follicle development: a retrospective large-scale study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

Hisao Osada¹  Yoshiaki Watanabe¹  Osamu Miyauchi¹  Kenji Omi¹  Shokichi Teramoto¹  Tomoya Segawa¹ 

[1] Shinbashi YUME Clinic, Excel Shinbashi, 2-5-1, Shinbashi, Minato-ku 105-0004, Tokyo, Japan

关键词: Natural cycle IVF;    Follicular growth;    Estrone;    Estradiol;    Assisted reproductive technologies;   

Others  :  1216404
DOI  :  10.1186/s12958-015-0051-y

 received in 2015-02-24, accepted in 2015-05-27,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

The improved reagent for measuring estradiol (E2), the ST AIA-PACK iE2 reagent, has a higher specificity for the measurement of E2 levels than the original ST AIA-PACK E2 reagent, because of its lower cross-reactivity with estrone (E1). As we had E2 data obtained with either of the reagents, we analyzed changes in E1 and E2 levels during follicle development.

Methods

The study included 14371 serum hormone measurements from 4412 patients who underwent oocyte retrieval or frozen/thawed embryo transfer in natural cycle in vitro fertilization in Shinbashi YUME clinic, Tokyo, between June 2011 and May 2014. The age of the patients ranged from 24 to 48 year (mean and standard deviation, 39.8 ± 4.0 year). Patients were categorized into three age groups (<38 year, 38–40 year, and >40 year) and into 10 groups of largest follicle diameter from 11 to 20 mm, with 1-mm intervals. Serum E2 levels were measured in the follicular phase with either the ST AIA-PACK E2 reagent or the ST AIA-PACK iE2 reagent, and the data were compared. Also, for 26 randomly selected samples, E2 was measured using both reagents, together with E1 and E3, and the E1/E2 ratios were compared.

Results

E2 concentrations measured with the ST AIA-PACK iE2 reagent were significantly lower than those measured with the ST AIA-PACK E2 reagent in the largest follicle diameter category of 11–17 mm in the <38 year group, in the largest follicle diameter category of 11–18 mm in the 38–40 year group, and in the largest follicle diameter category of 11–15 mm in the >40 year group. The serum E1/E2 ratio in the 26 samples was 3.4 ± 1.1 and 0.7 ± 0.1 in the early follicular phase and in the ovulatory phase, respectively.

Conclusions

The difference between the E2 concentrations measured with the ST AIA-PACK E2 reagent and the ST AIA-PACK iE2 reagent tended to decrease as the follicle diameter increased, particularly in the older patients, which suggests E1 secretion is more abundant in the early follicular phase and in younger patients than in the ovulatory phase and in older patients.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Segawa et al.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Bulun SE, Simpson ER. Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that levels of aromatase cytochrome P450 transcripts in adipose tissue of buttocks, thighs, and abdomen of women increase with advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994; 78:428-32.
• [2]Frisch RE. Body fat, menarche, fitness and fertility. Hum Reprod. 1987; 2:521-33.
• [3]Kirschner MA, Ertel N, Schneider G. Obesity, hormones, and cancer. Cancer Res. 1981; 41:3711-7.
• [4]Longcope C, Pratt JH, Schneider SH, Fineberg SE. Aromatization of androgens by muscle and adipose tissue in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978; 46:146-52.
• [5]Rothman MS, Carlson NE, Xu M, Wang C, Swerdloff R, Lee P et al.. Reexamination of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol and estrone levels across the menstrual cycle and in postmenopausal women measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Steroids. 2011; 76:177-82.
• [6]Simpson E, Rubin G, Clyne C, Robertson K, O’Donnell L, Davis S et al.. Local estrogen biosynthesis in males and females. Endocr Relat Cancer. 1999; 6:131-7.
• [7]Teramoto S, Kato O. Minimal ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate: a large-scale retrospective study. Reprod Biomed Online. 2007; 15:134-48.
• [8]Kato K, Takehara Y, Segawa T, Kawachiya S, Okuno T, Kobayashi T et al.. Minimal ovarian stimulation combined with elective single embryo transfer policy: age-specific results of a large, single-centre, Japanese cohort. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2012; 10:35. BioMed Central Full Text
• [9]Kato O, Kawasaki N, Bodri D, Kuroda T, Kawachiya S, Kato K et al.. Neonatal outcome and birth defects in 6623 singletons born following minimal ovarian stimulation and vitrified versus fresh single embryo transfer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011; 161:46-50.
• [10]March CM, Goebelsmann U, Nakamura RM, Mishell DR. Roles of estradiol and progesterone in eliciting the midcycle luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone surges. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979; 49:507-13.
• [11]Tsutsumi R, Webster NJ. GnRH pulsatility, the pituitary response and reproductive dysfunction. Endocr J. 2009; 56:729-37.
• [12]Klein NA, Battaglia DE, Miller PB, Branigan EF, Giudice LC, Soules MR. Ovarian follicular development and the follicular fluid hormones and growth factors in normal women of advanced reproductive age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996; 81:1946-51.
• [13]Lee SJ, Lenton EA, Sexton L, Cooke ID. The effect of age on the cyclical patterns of plasma LH, FSH, oestradiol and progesterone in women with regular menstrual cycles. Hum Reprod. 1988; 3:851-5.
• [14]Reame NE, Wyman TL, Phillips DJ, de Kretser DM, Padmanabhan V. Net increase in stimulatory input resulting from a decrease in inhibin B and an increase in activin A may contribute in part to the rise in follicular phase follicle-stimulating hormone of aging cycling women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998; 83:3302-7.
• [15]Welt CK, McNicholl DJ, Taylor AE, Hall JE. Female reproductive aging is marked by decreased secretion of dimeric inhibin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999; 84:105-11.
• [16]Welt CK, Jimenez Y, Sluss PM, Smith PC, Hall JE. Control of estradiol secretion in reproductive ageing. Hum Reprod. 2006; 21:2189-93.
• [17]Brailly S, Gougeon A, Milgrom E, Bomsel-Helmreich O, Papiernik E. Androgens and progestins in the human ovarian follicle: differences in the evolution of preovulatory, healthy nonovulatory, and atretic follicles. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981; 53:128-34.
• [18]Ayan D, Maltais R, Roy J, Poirier D. A new nonestrogenic steroidal inhibitor of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I blocks the estrogen-dependent breast cancer tumor growth induced by estrone. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012; 11:2096-104.
• [19]De Padua Mansur A, Silva TC, Takada JY, Avakian SD, Strunz CM, Machado César LA et al.. Long-term prospective study of the influence of estrone levels on events in postmenopausal women with or at high risk for coronary artery disease. Sci World J. 2012; 2012:363595.
• [20]Lunardi G, Piccioli P, Bruzzi P, Notaro R, Lastraioli S, Serra M et al.. Plasma estrone sulfate concentrations and genetic variation at the CYP19A1 locus in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer treated with letrozole. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013; 137:167-74.
• [21]Shimizu Y. Estrogen: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and estetrol (E4). Nihon Rinsho. 2010; 68 Suppl 7:448-61.
• [22]Kushnir MM, Naessen T, Kirilovas D, Chaika A, Nosenko J, Mogilevkina I et al.. Steroid profiles in ovarian follicular fluid from regularly menstruating women and women after ovarian stimulation. Clin Chem. 2009; 55:519-26.
• [23]Costa LO, Mendes MC, Ferriani RA, Moura MD, Reis RM, de Sá MF S. Estradiol and testosterone concentrations in follicular fluid as criteria to discriminate between mature and immature oocytes. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2004; 37:1747-55.
• [24]McNatty KP, Baird DT, Bolton A, Chambers P, Corker CS, McLean H. Concentration of oestrogens and androgens in human ovarian venous plasma and follicular fluid throughout the menstrual cycle. J Endocrinol. 1976; 71:77-85.