Effect of fruit and vegetable concentrates on endothelial function in metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

Nutrition Journal

David L Katz¹  Yingying Ma¹  Valentine Y Njike¹  Yuka Yazaki¹  Ather Ali¹ 

[1] Prevention Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Griffin Hospital, 130 Division Street, 2nd Floor, Derby, Connecticut, 06418, USA

关键词: vegetable;    fruit;    randomized;    antioxidant;    cardiovascular;    dietary supplements;    phytonutrients;   

Others  :  829524
DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2891-10-72

 received in 2011-03-25, accepted in 2011-06-29,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background and Objective

Dehydrated fruit and vegetable concentrates provide an accessible form of phytonutrient supplementation that may offer cardioprotective effects. This study assessed the effects of two blends of encapsulated juice powder concentrates (with and without added berry powders) on endothelial function in persons with metabolic syndrome, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled crossover clinical trial with three treatment arms. 64 adults with metabolic syndrome were enrolled and received 8-week sequences of each blend of the concentrates and placebo. The primary outcome measure was change in endothelial function (assessed as flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery) 2 hr after consuming a 75 g glucose load, after 8-weeks of daily consumption (sustained) or 2 hr after consumption of a single dose (acute). Secondary outcome measures included plasma glucose, serum insulin, serum lipids, and body weight.

Results

No significant between-group differences in endothelial function with daily treatment for 8 weeks were seen. No other significant treatment effects were discerned in glucose, insulin, lipids, and weight.

Conclusion

Encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrates did not alter insulin or glucose measures in this sample of adults with metabolic syndrome.

Trial Registration

clinicaltrials.gov NCT01224743

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Ali et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Joshipura KJ, Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, Speizer FE, Colditz G, Ascherio A, Rosner B, Spiegelman D, Willett WC: The effect of fruit and vegetable intake on risk for coronary heart disease. Ann Intern Med 2001, 134:1106-1114.
• [2]Dauchet L, Amouyel P, Hercberg S, Dallongeville J: Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Nutr 2006, 136:2588-2593.
• [3]Chong MF, Macdonald R, Lovegrove JA: Fruit polyphenols and CVD risk: a review of human intervention studies. Br J Nutr 2010, 104(Suppl 3):S28-39.
• [4]Tavani A, Spertini L, Bosetti C, Parpinel M, Gnagnarella P, Bravi F, Peterson J, Dwyer J, Lagiou P, Negri E, La Vecchia C: Intake of specific flavonoids and risk of acute myocardial infarction in Italy. Public Health Nutr 2006, 9:369-374.
• [5]Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Hollman PC, Katan MB, Kromhout D: Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993, 342:1007-1011.
• [6]Stoclet JC, Chataigneau T, Ndiaye M, Oak MH, El Bedoui J, Chataigneau M, Schini-Kerth VB: Vascular protection by dietary polyphenols. Eur J Pharmacol 2004, 500:299-313.
• [7]Stables GJ, Subar AF, Patterson BH, Dodd K, Heimendinger J, Van Duyn MA, Nebeling L: Changes in vegetable and fruit consumption and awareness among US adults: results of the 1991 and 1997 5 A Day for Better Health Program surveys. J Am Diet Assoc 2002, 102:809-817.
• [8]National Fruit & Vegetable Program [http://www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov/] webcite
• [9]Linda N, Amy LY, Jennifer DS, Joel K: Still Not Enough: Can We Achieve Our Goals for Americans to Eat More Fruits and Vegetables in the Future? American journal of preventive medicine 2007, 32:354-355.
• [10]Kimmons J, Gillespie C, Seymour J, Serdula M, Blanck HM: Fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents and adults in the United States: percentage meeting individualized recommendations. Medscape J Med 2009, 11:26.
• [11]Neunteufl T, Katzenschlager R, Hassan A, Klaar U, Schwarzacher S, Glogar D, Bauer P, Weidinger F: Systemic endothelial dysfunction is related to the extent and severity of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1997, 129:111-118.
• [12]Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, Celermajer D, Charbonneau F, Creager MA, Deanfield J, Drexler H, Gerhard-Herman M, Herrington D, et al.: Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: a report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, 39:257-265.
• [13]Watanabe K, Oba K, Suzuki T, Ouchi M, Suzuki K, Futami-Suda S, Sekimizu K, Yamamoto N, Nakano H: Oral glucose loading attenuates endothelial function in normal individual. Eur J Clin Invest 2010.
• [14]Kato T, Inoue T, Node K: Postprandial endothelial dysfunction in subjects with new-onset type 2 diabetes: an acarbose and nateglinide comparative study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010, 9:12. BioMed Central Full Text
• [15]Major-Pedersen A, Ihlemann N, Hermann TS, Christiansen B, Kveiborg B, Dominguez H, Nielsen D, Rask-Madsen C, Svendsen OL, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C: Effects of acute and chronic attenuation of postprandial hyperglycemia on postglucose-load endothelial function in insulin resistant individuals: is stimulation of first phase insulin secretion beneficial for the endothelial function? Horm Metab Res 2008, 40:607-613.
• [16]Xiang GD, Sun HL, Zhao LS, Hou J, Yue L, Xu L: The antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid improves endothelial dysfunction induced by acute hyperglycaemia during OGTT in impaired glucose tolerance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008, 68:716-723.
• [17]Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC, et al.: Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005, 112:2735-2752.
• [18]The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the Metabolic Syndrome [http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF_Meta_def_final.pdf] webcite
• [19]Ozaki K, Hori T, Ishibashi T, Nishio M, Aizawa Y: Effects of chronic cigarette smoking on endothelial function in young men. J Cardiol 2010, 56:307-313.
• [20]Lamprecht M, Oettl K, Schwaberger G, Hofmann P, Greilberger JF: Several indicators of oxidative stress, immunity, and illness improved in trained men consuming an encapsulated juice powder concentrate for 28 weeks. J Nutr 2007, 137:2737-2741.
• [21]Jin Y, Cui X, Singh UP, Chumanevich AA, Harmon B, Cavicchia P, Hofseth AB, Kotakadi V, Stroud B, Volate SR, et al.: Systemic inflammatory load in humans is suppressed by consumption of two formulations of dried, encapsulated juice concentrate. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010, 54:1506-1514.
• [22]Faridi Z, Njike VY, Dutta S, Ali A, Katz DL: Acute dark chocolate and cocoa ingestion and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 88:58-63.
• [23]Vogel RA: Measurement of endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation. Am J Cardiol 2001, 88:31E-34E.
• [24]Su Y, Liu XM, Sun YM, Jin HB, Fu R, Wang YY, Wu Y, Luan Y: The relationship between endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in diabetes and prediabetes. Int J Clin Pract 2008, 62:877-882.
• [25]American Diabetes Association: Standards of medical care in diabetes--2009. Diabetes Care 2009, 32(Suppl 1):S13-61.
• [26]Kawashima A, Madarame T, Koike H, Komatsu Y, Wise JA: Four week supplementation with mixed fruit and vegetable juice concentrates increased protective serum antioxidants and folate and decreased plasma homocysteine in Japanese subjects. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2007, 16:411-421.
• [27]Osganian SK, Stampfer MJ, Rimm E, Spiegelman D, Hu FB, Manson JE, Willett WC: Vitamin C and risk of coronary heart disease in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 42:246-252.
• [28]Gaziano JM, Manson JE, Buring JE, Hennekens CH: Dietary antioxidants and cardiovascular disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992, 669:249-258. discussion 258-249
• [29]Tribble DL, Frank E: Dietary antioxidants, cancer, and atherosclerotic heart disease. West J Med 1994, 161:605-612.
• [30]Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC: Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. N Engl J Med 1993, 328:1444-1449.
• [31]Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Willett WC: Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl J Med 1993, 328:1450-1456.
• [32]Enstrom JE, Kanim LE, Klein MA: Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sample of the United States population. Epidemiology 1992, 3:194-202.
• [33]Diaz MN, Frei B, Vita JA, Keaney JF Jr: Antioxidants and atherosclerotic heart disease. N Engl J Med 1997, 337:408-416.
• [34]Esterbauer H, Dieber-Rotheneder M, Striegl G, Waeg G: Role of vitamin E in preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. Am J Clin Nutr 1991, 53:314S-321S.
• [35]GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators: Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999, 354:447-455.
• [36]Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, Bosch J, Sleight P: Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:154-160.
• [37]Virtamo J, Rapola JM, Ripatti S, Heinonen OP, Taylor PR, Albanes D, Huttunen JK: Effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of primary nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 1998, 158:668-675.
• [38]Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, Stampfer M, Rosner B, Cook NR, Belanger C, LaMotte F, Gaziano JM, Ridker PM, et al.: Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:1145-1149.
• [39]Heart Protection Study Collaborative G: MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002, 360:23-33.
• [40]Kris-Etherton PM, Lichtenstein AH, Howard BV, Steinberg D, Witztum JL, Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition PA, Metabolism: Antioxidant vitamin supplements and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2004, 110:637-641.
• [41]Lichtenstein AH: Nutrient supplements and cardiovascular disease: a heartbreaking story. J Lipid Res 2009, 50(Suppl):S429-433.
• [42]Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, Balmes J, Cullen MR, Glass A, Keogh JP, Meyskens FL, Valanis B, Williams JH, et al.: Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:1150-1155.
• [43]Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, Fisher LD, Cheung MC, Morse JS, Dowdy AA, Marino EK, Bolson EL, Alaupovic P, et al.: Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:1583-1592.
• [44]Waters DD, Alderman EL, Hsia J, Howard BV, Cobb FR, Rogers WJ, Ouyang P, Thompson P, Tardif JC, Higginson L, et al.: Effects of hormone replacement therapy and antioxidant vitamin supplements on coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002, 288:2432-2440.
• [45]Moats C, Rimm EB: Vitamin intake and risk of coronary disease: observation versus intervention. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2007, 9:508-514.
• [46]Plotnick GD, Corretti MC, Vogel RA, Hesslink R, Wise JA: Effect of supplemental phytonutrients on impairment of the flow-mediated brachial artery vasoactivity after a single high-fat meal. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 41:1744-1749.
• [47]Akbari CM, Saouaf R, Barnhill DF, Newman PA, LoGerfo FW, Veves A: Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired in both microcirculation and macrocirculation during acute hyperglycemia. J Vasc Surg 1998, 28:687-694.
• [48]Lee IK, Kim HS, Bae JH: Endothelial dysfunction: its relationship with acute hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia. Int J Clin Pract Suppl 2002, 59-64.
• [49]Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirashima O, Hirai N, Miyao Y, Sakamoto T, Kugiyama K, Ogawa H, Yasue H: Hyperglycemia rapidly suppresses flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation of brachial artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999, 34:146-154.
• [50]Title LM, Cummings PM, Giddens K, Nassar BA: Oral glucose loading acutely attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy adults without diabetes: an effect prevented by vitamins C and E. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000, 36:2185-2191.
• [51]Dengel DR, Kelly AS, Steinberger J, Sinaiko AR: Effect of oral glucose loading on endothelial function in normal-weight and overweight children. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007, 112:493-498.
• [52]Siafarikas A, Watts K, Beye P, Jones TW, Davis EA, Green DJ: Lack of effect of oral glucose loading on conduit vessel endothelial function in healthy subjects. Clin Sci (Lond) 2004, 107:191-196.
• [53]Major-Pedersen A, Ihlemann N, Hermann TS, Christiansen B, Dominguez H, Kveiborg B, Nielsen DB, Svendsen OL, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C: Effects of oral glucose load on endothelial function and on insulin and glucose fluctuations in healthy individuals. Exp Diabetes Res 2008, 2008:672021.
• [54]Njike VY, Faridi Z, Shuval K, Dutta S, Kay CD, West SG, Kris-Etherton PM, Katz DL: Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adults. Int J Cardiol 2009.
• [55]McCall DO, McGartland CP, McKinley MC, Patterson CC, Sharpe P, McCance DR, Young IS, Woodside JV: Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables improves microvascular function in hypertensive subjects in a dose-dependent manner. Circulation 2009, 119:2153-2160.
• [56]Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC: Vegetable, fruit, and cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease among men. JAMA 1996, 275:447-451.
• [57]Rolls BJ, Ello-Martin JA, Tohill BC: What can intervention studies tell us about the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and weight management? Nutr Rev 2004, 62:1-17.
• [58]Slavin JL: Dietary fiber and body weight. Nutrition 2005, 21:411-418.