Detection of Hepatitis B virus subgenotype A1 in a Quilombo community from Maranhão, Brazil

Virology Journal

João RR Pinho¹  Flair J Carrilho¹  Claudio S Pannuti²  Maria C Nascimento²  Vanda F de Souza²  Michele S Gomes-Gouvêa¹  Livia Botelho¹  Mónica V Alvarado-Mora¹ 

[1] Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;Laboratory of Virology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil

关键词: Bayesian Analysis;    Brazil;    Maranhão state;    Quilombo community;    Genotype A1;    Hepatitis B virus;   

Others  :  1156218
DOI  :  10.1186/1743-422X-8-415

 received in 2011-05-15, accepted in 2011-08-25,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background

The Brazilian population is mainly descendant from European colonizers, Africans and Native Americans. Some Afro-descendants lived in small isolated communities since the slavery period. The epidemiological status of HBV infection in Quilombos communities from northeast of Brazil remains unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the HBV genotypes circulating inside a Quilombo isolated community from Maranhão State, Brazil.

Methods

Seventy-two samples from Frechal Quilombo community at Maranhão were collected. All serum samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). HBsAg positive samples were submitted to DNA extraction and a fragment of 1306 bp partially comprising HBsAg and polymerase coding regions (S/POL) was amplified by nested PCR and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Viral isolates were genotyped by phylogenetic analysis using reference sequences from each genotype obtained from GenBank (n = 320). Sequences were aligned using Muscle software and edited in the SE-AL software. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to obtain the MCC tree using BEAST v.1.5.3.

Results

Of the 72 individuals, 9 (12.5%) were HBsAg-positive and 4 of them were successfully sequenced for the 1306 bp fragment. All these samples were genotype A1 and grouped together with other sequences reported from Brazil.

Conclusions

The present study represents the first report on the HBV genotypes characterization of this community in the Maranhão state in Brazil where a high HBsAg frequency was found. In this study, we reported a high frequency of HBV infection and the exclusive presence of subgenotype A1 in an Afro-descendent community in the Maranhão State, Brazil.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Alvarado-Mora et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]World Health Organization: Hepatitis B. [http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/index.html] webciteFact Sheet 204 (Revised August 2011) World Health Organization;
• [2]Yu H, Yuan Q, Ge SX, Wang HY, Zhang YL, Chen QR, Zhang J, Chen PJ, Xia NS: Molecular and phylogenetic analyses suggest an additional hepatitis B virus genotype "I". PLoS One 2010, 5:e9297.
• [3]Pourkarim MR, Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Lemey P, Maes P, Van Ranst M: HBV subgenotype misclassification expands quasi-subgenotype A3. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011, 17:947-949.
• [4]Magnius LO, Norder H: Subtypes, genotypes and molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis B virus as reflected by sequence variability of the S-gene. Intervirology 1995, 38:24-34.
• [5]Stuyver L, De Gendt S, Van Geyt C, Zoulim F, Fried M, Schinazi RF, Rossau R: A new genotype of hepatitis B virus: complete genome and phylogenetic relatedness. The Journal of general virology 2000, 81:67-74.
• [6]Alvarado Mora MV, Romano CM, Gomes-Gouvea MS, Gutierrez MF, Botelho L, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR: Molecular characterization of the Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Colombia: a Bayesian inference on the genotype F. Infection, genetics and evolution: journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 2011, 11:103-108.
• [7]Bottecchia M, Souto FJ, O KM, Amendola M, Brandao CE, Niel C, Gomes SA: Hepatitis B virus genotypes and resistance mutations in patients under long term lamivudine therapy: characterization of genotype G in Brazil. BMC microbiology 2008, 8:11.
• [8]Arauz-Ruiz P, Norder H, Robertson BH, Magnius LO: Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of hepatitis B virus revealed in Central America. The Journal of general virology 2002, 83:2059-2073.
• [9]Hannoun C, Norder H, Lindh M: An aberrant genotype revealed in recombinant hepatitis B virus strains from Vietnam. J Gen Virol 2000, 81:2267-2272.
• [10]Stuyver L, De Gendt S, Van Geyt C, Zoulim F, Fried M, Schinazi RF, Rossau R: A new genotype of hepatitis B virus: complete genome and phylogenetic relatedness. J Gen Virol 2000, 81:67-74.
• [11]Pereira LM, Martelli CM, Merchan-Hamann E, Montarroyos UR, Braga MC, de Lima ML, Cardoso MR, Turchi MD, Costa MA, de Alencar LC, et al.: Population-based multicentric survey of hepatitis B infection and risk factor differences among three regions in Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009, 81:240-247.
• [12]Araujo NM, Mello FC, Yoshida CF, Niel C, Gomes SA: High proportion of subgroup A' (genotype A) among Brazilian isolates of Hepatitis B virus. Archives of virology 2004, 149:1383-1395.
• [13]Sitnik R, Pinho JR, Bertolini DA, Bernardini AP, Da Silva LC, Carrilho FJ: Hepatitis B virus genotypes and precore and core mutants in Brazilian patients. Journal of clinical microbiology 2004, 42:2455-2460.
• [14]Viana S, Parana R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V: High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2005, 73:808-814.
• [15]Santos AO, Alvarado-Mora MV, Botelho L, Vieira DS, Pinho JR, Carrilho FJ, Honda ER, Salcedo JM: Characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in patients from Rondonia, Brazil. Virology journal 2010, 7:315.
• [16]Pena SD, Di Pietro G, Fuchshuber-Moraes M, Genro JP, Hutz MH, Kehdy Fde S, Kohlrausch F, Magno LA, Montenegro RC, Moraes MO, et al.: The genomic ancestry of individuals from different geographical regions of Brazil is more uniform than expected. PLoS One 2011, 6:e17063.
• [17]Rapoport Delegation on Afro-Brazilian Land Rights: Between the Law and Their Land. Afro-Brazilian Quilombo Communities' Struggle for land Rights. 2008, 2-57.
• [18]Chomczynski P, Sacchi N: Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Analytical biochemistry 1987, 162:156-159.
• [19]Kwok S, Higuchi R: Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature 1989, 339:237-238.
• [20]Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR: DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1977, 74:5463-5467.
• [21]Ewing B, Hillier L, Wendl MC, Green P: Base-calling of automated sequencer traces using phred. I. Accuracy assessment. Genome research 1998, 8:175-185.
• [22]Edgar RC: MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity. BMC bioinformatics 2004, 5:113.
• [23]Drummond AJ, Rambaut A: BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC evolutionary biology 2007, 7:214.
• [24]Bowyer SM, van Staden L, Kew MC, Sim JG: A unique segment of the hepatitis B virus group A genotype identified in isolates from South Africa. The Journal of general virology 1997, 78(Pt 7):1719-1729.
• [25]Kramvis A, Kew MC: Molecular characterization of subgenotype A1 (subgroup Aa) of hepatitis B virus. Hepatology research: the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology 2007, 37:S27-32.
• [26]Kimbi GC, Kramvis A, Kew MC: Distinctive sequence characteristics of subgenotype A1 isolates of hepatitis B virus from South Africa. The Journal of general virology 2004, 85:1211-1220.
• [27]Mello FC, Souto FJ, Nabuco LC, Villela-Nogueira CA, Coelho HS, Franz HC, Saraiva JC, Virgolino HA, Motta-Castro AR, Melo MM, et al.: Hepatitis B virus genotypes circulating in Brazil: molecular characterization of genotype F isolates. BMC microbiology 2007, 7:103.
• [28]Motta-Castro AR, Martins RM, Araujo NM, Niel C, Facholi GB, Lago BV, Mello FC, Gomes SA: Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in an isolated Afro-Brazilian community. Archives of virology 2008, 153:2197-2205.
• [29]Quintero A, Martinez D, Alarcon De Noya B, Costagliola A, Urbina L, Gonzalez N, Liprandi F, Castro De Guerra D, Pujol FH: Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Afro-Venezuelan populations. Archives of virology 2002, 147:1829-1836.
• [30]Alencastro LF: O trato dos viventes: formação do Brasil no Atlântico Sul. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras 2000, 9-523.
• [31]Ribeiro NR, Campos GS, Angelo AL, Braga EL, Santana N, Gomes MM, Pinho JR, De Carvalho WA, Lyra LG, Lyra AC: Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with chronic infection. Liver international: official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2006, 26:636-642.
• [32]Ribeiro D: O Povo Brasileiro: a formação e o sentido do Brasil. In Companhia das Letras. São Paulo; 1995.
• [33]Kimbi GC, Kramvis A, Kew MC: Distinctive sequence characteristics of subgenotype A1 isolates of hepatitis B virus from South Africa. J Gen Virol 2004, 85:1211-1220.
• [34]Matos MA, Reis NR, Kozlowski AG, Teles SA, Motta-Castro AR, Mello FC, Gomes SA, Martins RM: Epidemiological study of hepatitis A, B and C in the largest Afro-Brazilian isolated community. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009, 103:899-905.
• [35]Motta-Castro AR, Martins RM, Yoshida CF, Teles SA, Paniago AM, Lima KM, Gomes SA: Hepatitis B virus infection in isolated Afro-Brazilian communities. Journal of medical virology 2005, 77:188-193.