Impact of operational effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) on malaria transmission in pyrethroid-resistant areas

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Martin Akogbéto³  Achille Massougbodji²  Dina Gbénou²  Mariam Okè⁴  Bruno Aholoukpè⁴  Frédéric Oké-Agbo¹  Albert S Salako¹  Fiacre Agossa¹  Filémon Tokponnon⁴  Renaud Govoétchan³  Rock Y Aïkpon³  Roseric Azondékon⁵  Arthur Sovi³ 

[1] Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin;Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université d’Abomey- Calavi, Cotonou, Benin;Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Calavi, Bénin;Programme Nationale de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Cotonou, Benin;University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA

关键词: Benin;    Behavior;    Transmission;    Impact;    An. gambiae;    LLINs;    Resistance;   

Others  :  823958
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-6-319

 received in 2013-09-24, accepted in 2013-10-31,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

A dynamic study on the transmission of malaria was conducted in two areas (R⁺ area: Low resistance area; R⁺⁺⁺ area: High resistance area) in the department of Plateau in South Eastern Benin, where the population is protected by Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). The aim of this study was to determine if the resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides has an impact on their behavior and on the effectiveness of LLINs in the reduction of malaria transmission.

Methods

Populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. were sampled monthly by human landing catch in the two areas to evaluate human biting rates (HBR). Collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically and female Anopheles mosquitoes were tested for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum antigen as assessed using ELISA. The entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was also calculated (EIR = HBR x sporozoitic index [S]). We estimated the parity rate by dissecting the females of An. gambiae. Finally, window catch and spray catch were conducted in order to assess the blood feeding rate and the exophily rate of vectors.

Results

After 6 months of tracking the mosquito's behavior in contact with the LLINs (Olyset) in R⁺⁺⁺ and R⁺ areas, the entomological indicators of the transmission of malaria (parity rate and sporozoitic index) were similar in the two areas. Also, An. gambiae populations showed the same susceptibility to P. falciparum in both R⁺ and R⁺⁺⁺ areas. The EIR and the exophily rate are higher in R⁺ area than in R⁺⁺⁺ area. But the blood-feeding rate is lower in R⁺ area comparing to R⁺⁺⁺.

Conclusion

The highest entomological inoculation rate observed in R⁺ area is mostly due to the strong aggressive density of An. gambiae recorded in one of the study localities. On the other hand, the highest exophily rate and the low blood-feeding rate recorded in R⁺ area compared to R⁺⁺⁺ area are not due to the resistance status of An. gambiae, but due to the differences in distribution and availability of breeding sites for Anopheles mosquitoes between areas. However, this phenomenon is not related to the resistance status, but is related to the environment instead.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Sovi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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