Diverging trends of chronic bronchitis and smoking habits between 1998 and 2010

Respiratory Research

Roberto de Marco¹  Giuseppe Verlato¹  Roberta Tassinari²  Pietro Pirina⁸  Pierpaolo Marchetti¹  Alessandro Fois⁸  Marcello Ferrari⁵  Lucio Casali⁶  Roberto Bono²  Francesco Attena⁴  Leonardo Antonicelli⁷  Isa Cerveri³  Angelo Guido Corsico³  Simone Accordini¹ 

[1] Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, c/o Istituti Biologici II, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy;Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy;Division of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS “San Matteo” Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;Department of Experimental Medicine, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy;Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy;Chair of Respiratory Diseases, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Immuno-Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy;Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

关键词: Epidemiology;    Cigarette smoking;    Chronic bronchitis;    Asthma;    Allergic rhinitis;   

Others  :  796535
DOI  :  10.1186/1465-9921-14-16

 received in 2012-10-12, accepted in 2013-01-31,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

No study has been carried out on the time trend in the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) in recent years, despite its clinical and epidemiological relevance. We evaluated the trend in CB prevalence during the past decade among young Italian adults.

Methods

A screening questionnaire was mailed to general population samples of 20–44 year-old subjects in two cross-sectional surveys: the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998/2000; n = 18,873, 9 centres) and the screening stage of the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007/2010; n = 10,494, 7 centres). CB was defined as having cough and phlegm on most days for a minimum of 3 months a year and for at least 2 successive years. The prevalence rates and the risk ratios (RRs) for the association between CB and each potential predictor were adjusted for gender, age, season of response, type of contact, cumulative response rate, and centre.

Results

CB prevalence was 12.5% (95% CI: 12.1-12.9%) in 1998/2000 and 12.6% (95% CI: 11.7-13.7%) in 2007/2010; it increased among never smokers (from 7.6 to 9.1%, p = 0.003), current light smokers (<15 pack-years; from 15.1 to 18.6%, p < 0.001), and unemployed/retired subjects (from 14.3 to 19.1%, p = 0.001). In this decade, the prevalence of current smoking decreased (from 33.6 to 26.9%, p < 0.001), whereas the prevalence of unemployment/premature retirement (from 5.3 to 6.0%, p = 0.005), asthma (from 5.0 to 6.2%, p = 0.003), and allergic rhinitis (from 19.5 to 24.5%, p < 0.001) increased. In both 1998/2000 and 2007/2010, the likelihood of having CB was significantly higher for women, current smokers, asthmatic patients, and subjects with allergic rhinitis. During this period, the strength of the association between CB and current heavy smoking (≥15 pack-years) decreased (RR: from 4.82 to 3.57, p = 0.018), whereas it increased for unemployment/premature retirement (from 1.11 to 1.53, p = 0.019); no change was observed for gender, asthma, and allergic rhinitis.

Conclusions

Despite the significant reduction in current smoking, CB prevalence did not vary among young Italian adults. The temporal pattern of CB prevalence can only be partly explained by the increase of unemployment/premature retirement, asthma and allergic rhinitis, and suggests that other factors could have played a role.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Accordini et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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