Activated spinal astrocytes are involved in the maintenance of chronic widespread mechanical hyperalgesia after cast immobilization

Molecular Pain

Jun Sato³  Takashi Nakano¹  Hiroki Sakurai²  Yuqiang Li⁴  Atsuko Morimoto⁵  Takahiko Yoshimoto⁵  Hitoshi Ohishi¹  Yusuke Ohmichi⁴  Mika Ohmichi⁵ 

[1] Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan;Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu 431-2102, Japan;Center for Animal Research and Education, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan;Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan;Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan

关键词: Astrocytes;    Microglia;    Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) Type I;    Widespread hyperalgesia;    Chronic post-cast pain;    Cast immobilization;   

Others  :  861915
DOI  :  10.1186/1744-8069-10-6

 received in 2013-09-04, accepted in 2014-01-13,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

In the present study, we examined spinal glial cell activation as a central nervous system mechanism of widespread mechanical hyperalgesia in rats that experienced chronic post-cast pain (CPCP) 2 weeks after cast immobilization. Activated spinal microglia and astrocytes were investigated immunohistologically in lumbar and coccygeal spinal cord segments 1 day, 5 weeks, and 13 weeks following cast removal.

Results

In the lumbar cord, astrocytes were activated after microglia. Astrocytes also were activated after microglia in the coccygeal cord, but with a delay that was longer than that observed in the lumbar cord. This activation pattern paralleled the observation that mechanical hyperalgesia occurred in the hindleg or the hindpaw before the tail. The activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) immune response in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) on the last day of cast immobilization suggested that nerve damage might not occur in CPCP rats. The neural activation assessed by the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) immune response in DRG arose 1 day after cast removal. In addition, L-α-aminoadipate (L-α-AA), an inhibitor of astrocyte activation administered intrathecally 5 weeks after cast removal, inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia in several body parts including the lower leg skin and muscles bilaterally, hindpaws, and tail.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that activation of lumbar cord astrocytes is an important factor in widespread mechanical hyperalgesia in CPCP.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Ohmichi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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