Differential antibody response to the Anopheles gambiae gSG6 and cE5 salivary proteins in individuals naturally exposed to bites of malaria vectors

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Bruno Arcà³  David Modiano³  Gabriella Fiorentino²  Issa Nèbiè¹  Sodiomon Bienvenu Sirima¹  Valentina Mangano³  Raffaele Ronca²  Fabrizio Lombardo³  Cinzia Rizzo³ 

[1] Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;Department of Biology, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy;Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy

关键词: Malaria epidemiology;    Plasmodium transmission;    Marker of exposure;    IgG4;    IgG1;    IgG;    Immune response;    Salivary proteins;    Anopheles gambiae;   

Others  :  1148914
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-014-0549-8

 received in 2014-09-26, accepted in 2014-11-20,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Mosquito saliva plays crucial roles in blood feeding but also evokes in hosts an anti-saliva antibody response. The IgG response to the Anopheles gambiae salivary protein gSG6 was previously shown to be a reliable indicator of human exposure to Afrotropical malaria vectors. We analyzed here the humoral response to the salivary anti-thrombin cE5 in a group of individuals from a malaria hyperendemic area of Burkina Faso.

Methods

ELISA was used to measure the anti-cE5 IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 antibody levels in plasma samples collected in the village of Barkoumbilen (Burkina Faso) among individuals of the Rimaibé ethnic group. Anti-gSG6 IgG levels were also determined for comparison. Anopheles vector density in the study area was evaluated by indoor pyrethrum spray catches.

Results

The cE5 protein was highly immunogenic and triggered in exposed individuals a relatively long-lasting antibody response, as shown by its unchanged persistence after a few months of absent or very low exposure (dry season). In addition cE5 did not induce immune tolerance, as previously suggested for the gSG6 antigen. Finally, IgG subclass analysis suggested that exposed individuals may mount a Th1-type immune response against the cE5 protein.

Conclusions

The anti-cE5 IgG response is shown here to be a sensitive indicator of human exposure to anopheline vectors and to represent an additional tool for malaria epidemiological studies. It may be especially useful in conditions of low vector density, to monitor transiently exposed individuals (i.e. travellers/workers/soldiers spending a few months in tropical Africa) and to evaluate the impact of insecticide treated nets on vector control. Moreover, the gSG6 and cE5 salivary proteins were shown to trigger in exposed individuals a strikingly different immune response with (i) gSG6 evoking a short-lived IgG response, characterized by high IgG4 levels and most likely induction of immune tolerance, and (ii) cE5 eliciting a longer-living IgG response, dominated by anti-cE5 IgG1 antibodies and not inducing tolerance mechanisms. We believe that these two antigens may represent useful reagents to further investigate the so far overlooked role of Anopheles saliva and salivary proteins in host early immune response to Plasmodium parasites.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Rizzo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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