Dynamics of prevalence and diversity of avian malaria infections in wild Culex pipiens mosquitoes: the effects of Wolbachia, filarial nematodes and insecticide resistance

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Olivier Duron⁴  Ana Rivero¹  Sylvain Gandon³  Antoine Nicot³  Gregory L’Ambert²  Juilen Vézilier³  Flore Zélé⁵ 

[1] Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, (UMR CNRS-UM1-UM2 5290, IRD 224), Centre de Recherche IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France;Entente départementale pour la Démoustication du littoral méditerranéen, 165 avenue Paul-Rimbaud, 34184 Montpellier, France;Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, (UMR CNRS 5175), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France;Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, (UMR CNRS 5554), Université de Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France;Current address: Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Edificio C2, 30 Piso Campo Grande, 1749016 Lisbon, Portugal

关键词: Insecticide resistance;    Filarial nematodes;    Wolbachia;    Plasmodium;    Avian malaria;    Culex pipiens;   

Others  :  1150232
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-7-437

 received in 2014-04-02, accepted in 2014-08-31,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Identifying the parasites transmitted by a particular vector and the factors that render this vector susceptible to the parasite are key steps to understanding disease transmission. Although avian malaria has become a model system for the investigation of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of Plasmodium parasites, little is still known about the field prevalence, diversity and distribution of avian Plasmodium species within the vectors, or about the extrinsic factors affecting Plasmodium population dynamics in the wild.

Methods

We examined changes in avian malaria prevalence and Plasmodium lineage composition in female Culex pipiens caught throughout one field season in 2006, across four sampling sites in southern France. Using site occupancy models, we correct the naive estimates of Plasmodium prevalence to account for PCR-based imperfect detection. To establish the importance of different factors that may bear on the prevalence and diversity of avian Plasmodium in field mosquitoes, we focus on Wolbachia and filarial parasite co-infections, as well as on the insecticide resistance status of the mosquito.

Results

Plasmodium prevalence in Cx. pipiens increased from February (0%) to October (15.8%) and did not vary significantly among the four sampling sites. The application of site occupancy models leads to a 4% increase in this initial (naive) estimate of prevalence. The parasite community was composed of 15 different haemosporidian lineages, 13 of which belonged to the Plasmodium genus, and 2 to the Haemoproteus genus. Neither the presence of different Wolbachia types and of filarial parasites co-infecting the mosquitoes, nor their insecticide resistance status were found to affect the Plasmodium prevalence and diversity.

Conclusion

We found that haemosporidian parasites are common and diverse in wild-caught Cx. pipiens mosquitoes in Southern France. The prevalence of the infection in mosquitoes is unaffected by Wolbachia and filarial co-infections as well as the insecticide resistant status of the vector. These factors may thus have a negligible impact on the transmission of avian malaria. In contrast, the steady increase in prevalence from February to October indicates that the dynamics of avian malaria is driven by seasonality and supports that infected birds are the reservoir of a diverse community of lineages in southern France.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Zélé et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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