Diet and cardiovascular health in asymptomatic normo- and mildly-to-moderately hypercholesterolemic participants – baseline data from the BLOOD FLOW intervention study

Nutrition & Metabolism

Helena Gylling⁴  Markku J Nissinen⁴  Piia Simonen²  Harri Lindholm³  Jussi Konttinen³  Janne Halonen³  Maarit Hallikainen¹ 

[1] Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland;Department of Medicine, Divisions of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

关键词: Systematic cardiovascular risk estimation;    Reactive hyperemia index;    Cardio-ankle vascular index;    Endothelial function;    Arterial stiffness;    LDL cholesterol;    Saturated fatty acids;    Diet;   

Others  :  803158
DOI  :  10.1186/1743-7075-10-62

 received in 2013-08-15, accepted in 2013-10-04,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

For decades in Finland, intensive population strategies and preventive activities have been used to lower the risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD). Lifestyle changes, with the emphasis on diet, play an important role in preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate arterial stiffness and endothelial function in asymptomatic free-living adults and to relate the results to CHD risk factors and lifestyle habits with the emphasis on diet.

Methods

Ninety-four asymptomatic participants were recruited by advertisements in four large companies and two research institutes employing mainly office workers. Arterial stiffness was assessed as the cardio-ankle vascular index in large arteries, and endothelial function as the reactive hyperemia index with peripheral arterial tonometry. The systematic Cardiovascular Risk Estimation (SCORE) was calculated.

Results

The data was collected in the spring of 2011. Anthropometric, dietary, and lipid data was available from 92 participants, blood pressure from 85 and vascular measurements from 86–88 subjects (38% males; 62% females; mean age of all 51). The majority (72%) had an elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration and over half were overweight or obese. SCORE stated that 49% of the participants had a moderate risk of cardiovascular disease. When compared to general recommendations, half of the participants had too high intake of total fat and in 66% the consumption of saturated fat was too high. In contrast, the intake of carbohydrates was too low in 90% of the participants and for fiber 73% were below recommendations. There was evidence of borderline or increased arterial stiffness in 72% of the participants and endothelial function was impaired in 8%. Arterial stiffness was associated with LDL cholesterol concentration (p = 0.024), dietary cholesterol intake (p = 0.029), and SCORE (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In a cross-sectional study of asymptomatic middle-aged participants, the half had a moderate risk for cardiovascular diseases manifested as increased arterial stiffness, elevated LDL cholesterol concentration, and poor dietary habits. The new observation that arterial stiffness was associated with dietary cholesterol intake and SCORE emphasizes the urgency of adequate lifestyle and dietary interventions to prevent future coronary events even in asymptomatic participants.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials Register # NCT01315964

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Hallikainen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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