H1 Antihistamines: Current Status and Future Directions

World Allergy Organization Journal

Keith J Simons²  F Estelle R Simon¹ 

[1] Department of Faculty of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;Department of Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

关键词: loratadine;    levocetirizine;    fexofenadine;    desloratadine;    cetirizine;    atopic dermatitis;    urticaria;    allergic conjunctivitis;    allergic rhinitis;    nonsedating H₁ antihistamines;    second-generation H₁ antihistamines;    H₁ antihistamines;   

Others  :  824488
DOI  :  10.1186/1939-4551-1-9-145

 received in 2008-04-07, accepted in 2008-07-16,  发布年份 2008

【 摘 要 】

In this review, we compare and contrast the clinical pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of first-generation H₁ antihistamines and second-generation H₁ antihistamines. First-generation H₁ antihistamines cross the blood-brain barrier, and in usual doses, they potentially cause sedation and impair cognitive function and psychomotor performance. These medications, some of which have been in use for more than 6 decades, have never been optimally investigated. Second-generation H₁ antihistamines such as cetirizine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, levocetirizine, and loratadine cross the blood-brain barrier to a significantly smaller extent than their predecessors. The clinical pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of these medications have been extensively studied. They are therefore the H₁ antihistamines of choice in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. In the future, clinically advantageous H₁ antihistamines developed with the aid of molecular techniques might be available.

【 授权许可】

   
2008 World Allergy Organization; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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