Acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Frédéric Beugnet³  Josephus J Fourie¹  Mark Soll²  Boyd Gale⁴  Theodore S Chester²  Pascal Dumont³ 

[1] ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd, 9321 Universitas, Bloemfontein, South Africa;Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Blvd., Duluth 30096, GA, USA;Merial S.A.S., 29 Av. Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France;Charles River Laboratories Preclinical Services Ireland Ltd., Carrentrila, Ballina, Co. Mayo, Ireland

关键词: Frontline Tri-Act®/Frontect®;    Acaricide;    Dog;    Fipronil;    Permethrin;    Ripicephalus sanguineus;    Ixodes ricinus;    Ticks;   

Others  :  1147450
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-015-0681-0

 received in 2015-01-20, accepted in 2015-01-21,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Two blinded, controlled laboratory studies were conducted to assess the acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin (Frontline Tri-Act®/Frontect®) against two tick species. Study A evaluated the efficacy of the product against both Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Study B evaluated the efficacy against R. sanguineus only.

Methods

16 (Study A) and 12 (Study B) healthy adult dogs were allocated to two groups in each study. Dogs in Group 1 served as untreated controls. Dogs in Group 2 were treated with a new topical spot-on formulation containing 6.76% (w/v) fipronil + 50.48% (w/v) permethrin once on Day 0. Each dog of study A was infested with 50 unfed adult ticks of each species and each dog of study B was infested with 50 unfed adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus prior to treatment (Day −2 in Study A, Day −1 in Study B) and post treatment on Days 7, 14, 21 and 28. The ticks were removed and counted 48 h after treatment (Day 2) or subsequent infestations (Days 9, 16, 23 and 30). Acaricidal efficacy was defined as the percent reduction in the number of live ticks in the treated group compared to the untreated control group.

Results

The percent efficacy in the treated group for R. sanguineus was 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 96.7% in Study A, and 94.4%, 100%, 100%, 98.7% and 98.0% in Study B, for counts performed on Days 2, 9, 16, 23 and 30, respectively. For I. ricinus, in Study A, the percent efficacy of the treatment was 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 99.2% for counts performed on Days 2, 9, 16, 23 and 30, respectively. There was a significant difference of the geometric mean numbers of live ticks between the treated and control groups at each time point in each study (p = 0.005 for every day in Study A, and p < 0.005 for every day in Study B).

Conclusions

A single topical administration of a combination of fipronil and permethrin provides excellent acaricidal efficacy against both I. ricinus and R. sanguineus for at least 4 weeks.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Dumont et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Dantas-Torres F, Chomel BB, Otranto D. Ticks and tick-borne diseases: a One Health perspective. Trends Parasitol. 2012; 28:437-46.
• [2]Wilhelmsson P, Lindblom P, Fryland L, Nyman D, Jaenson TG, Forsberg P et al.. Ixodes ricinus ticks removed from humans in Northern Europe: seasonal pattern of infestation, attachment sites and duration of feeding. Parasit Vectors. 2013; 6:362. BioMed Central Full Text
• [3]Chomel B. Tick-borne infections in dogs-an emerging infectious threat. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 179:294-301.
• [4]Claerebout E, Losson B, Cochez C, Casaert S, Dalemans AC, De Cat A et al.. Ticks and associated pathogens collected from dogs and cats in Belgium. Parasit Vectors. 2013; 6:183. BioMed Central Full Text
• [5]Beugnet F, Chalvet-Monfray K. Impact of climate change in the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases in domestic carnivores. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013; 36:559-66.
• [6]Gray JS, Dautel H, Estrada-Pena A, Kahl O, Lindgren E. Effects of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases in europe. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2009; 2009:593232.
• [7]Dantas-Torres F, Otranto D. Seasonal dynamics of Ixodes ricinus on ground level and higher vegetation in a preserved wooded area in southern Europe. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 192:253-8.
• [8]Brianti E, Pennisi MG, Brucato G, Risitano AL, Gaglio G, Lombardo G et al.. Efficacy of the fipronil 10% + (S)-methoprene 9% combination against Rhipicephalus sanguineus in naturally infested dogs: speed of kill, persistent efficacy on immature and adult stages and effect of water. Vet Parasitol. 2010; 170:96-103.
• [9]Jongejan F, Uilenberg G. The global importance of ticks. Parasitology. 2004; 129 Suppl:S3-14.
• [10]Shaw SE, Day MJ, Birtles RJ, Breitschwerdt EB. Tick-borne infectious diseases of dogs. Trends Parasitol. 2001; 17:74-80.
• [11]Beugnet F, Franc M. Results of a European multicentric field efficacy study of fipronil-(S) methoprene combination on flea infestation of dogs and cats during 2009 summer. Parasite. 2010; 17:337-42.
• [12]Bonneau S, Gupta S, Cadiergues MC. Comparative efficacy of two fipronil spot-on formulations against experimental tick infestations (Ixodes ricinus) in dogs. Parasitol Res. 2010; 107:735-9.
• [13]Kuzner J, Turk S, Grace S, Soni-Gupta J, Fourie JJ, Marchiondo AA et al.. Confirmation of the efficacy of a novel fipronil spot-on for the treatment and control of fleas, ticks and chewing lice on dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 193:245-51.
• [14]Brianti E, Falsone L, Napoli E, Prudente C, Gaglio G, Giannetto S. Efficacy of a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin (Seresto(R)) in slow release collars to control ticks and fleas in highly infested dog communities. Parasit Vectors. 2013; 6:210. BioMed Central Full Text
• [15]Dantas-Torres F, Capelli G, Giannelli A, Ramos RA, Lia RP, Cantacessi C et al.. Efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas, ticks and tick-borne pathogens in dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2013; 6:245. BioMed Central Full Text
• [16]Doyle V, Beugnet F, Carithers D. Comparative efficacy of the combination fipronil-(S)-methoprene and the combination permethrin-imidacloprid against Dermacentor reticulatus, the European dog tick, applied topically to dogs. Vet Ther. 2005; 6:303-10.
• [17]Endris RG, Everett R, Cunningham J, Katz TL, Thompson K. Efficacy of two 65% permethrin spot-on formulations against canine infestations of Ctenocephalides felis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Vet Ther. 2002; 3:326-33.
• [18]Endris RG, Hair JA, Katz TL, Zobre E, Pennington RG, Meyer JA. Efficacy of three dose volumes of topically applied 65% permethrin against Ctenocephalides felis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs weighing 30 kg or more. Vet Ther. 2002; 3:435-40.
• [19]Ndeledje N, Bouyer J, Stachurski F, Grimaud P, Belem AM, Molele Mbaindingatoloum F et al.. Treating cattle to protect people? Impact of footbath insecticide treatment on tsetse density in Chad. PLoS One. 2013; 8:e67580.
• [20]Bissinger BW, Apperson CS, Watson DW, Arellano C, Sonenshine DE, Roe RM. Novel field assays and the comparative repellency of BioUD((R)), DEET and permethrin against Amblyomma americanum. Med Vet Entomol. 2011; 25:217-26.
• [21]Miller NJ, Rainone EE, Dyer MC, Gonzalez ML, Mather TN. Tick bite protection with permethrin-treated summer-weight clothing. J Med Entomol. 2011; 48:327-33.
• [22]Marchiondo AA, Holdsworth PA, Fourie LJ, Rugg D, Kellmann K, Snyder DE et al.. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) second edition: guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of parasiticides for the treatment, prevention and control of flea and tick infestations on dogs and cats. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 194:84-97.
• [23]Dumont P, Fourie JJ, Soll MD, Beugnet F. Acaricidal and repellent efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against the main vector of canine babesiosis in Europe: Dermacentor reticulatus ticks. Parasit Vectors (in press).
• [24]Fankhauser B, Dumont P, Halos L, Hunter IIIJS, Kunkle B, Everett WR, et al. Efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against Ctenocephalides felis flea infestation in dogs. Parasit Vectors (in press).
• [25]Beugnet F, Soll MD, Bouhsira E, Franc M. Sustained speed of kill and “repellence” of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against Ctenocephalides canis flea infestation in dogs. Parasit Vectors (in press).
• [26]Fankhauser B, Dumont P, Hunter IIIJS, McCall JW, Kaufmann C, Mathis A, et al., Repellent efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against several mosquitoes species (Aedes sp., Culex sp.). Parasit Vectors (in press).
• [27]Dumont P, Fankhauser B, Bouhsira E, Lienard E, Jacquiet P, Beugnet F, et al., Repellent efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against the main vector of canine leishmaniosis in Europe (Phlebotomus perniciosus). Parasit Vectors (in press).