Samba virus: a novel mimivirus from a giant rain forest, the Brazilian Amazon

Virology Journal

Jônatas S Abrahão²  Bernard La Scola³  Erna G Kroon²  Didier Raoult³  Catherine Robert³  João T Marques¹  Paulo P Ferreira²  Giliane S Trindade²  Fabio P Dornas²  Jonas D Albarnaz²  Lorena CF Silva²  Eric RGR Aguiar¹  Felipe L Assis²  Paulo V Boratto²  Rafael K Campos² 

[1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil;Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Vírus, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG Zip Code 31270-901, Brazil;Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France

关键词: Brazil;    Amazon;    Virophage;    NCLDV;    Giant virus;    DNA virus;    Mimiviridae;   

Others  :  804401
DOI  :  10.1186/1743-422X-11-95

 received in 2014-02-19, accepted in 2014-05-01,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The identification of novel giant viruses from the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses group and their virophages has increased in the last decade and has helped to shed light on viral evolution. This study describe the discovery, isolation and characterization of Samba virus (SMBV), a novel giant virus belonging to the Mimivirus genus, which was isolated from the Negro River in the Brazilian Amazon. We also report the isolation of an SMBV-associated virophage named Rio Negro (RNV), which is the first Mimivirus virophage to be isolated in the Americas.

Methods/results

Based on a phylogenetic analysis, SMBV belongs to group A of the putative Megavirales order, possibly a new virus related to Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV). SMBV is the largest virus isolated in Brazil, with an average particle diameter about 574 nm. The SMBV genome contains 938 ORFs, of which nine are ORFans. The 1,213.6 kb SMBV genome is one of the largest genome of any group A Mimivirus described to date. Electron microscopy showed RNV particle accumulation near SMBV and APMV factories resulting in the production of defective SMBV and APMV particles and decreasing the infectivity of these two viruses by several logs.

Conclusion

This discovery expands our knowledge of Mimiviridae evolution and ecology.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Campos et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Yamada T: Giant viruses in the environment: their origins and evolution. Curr Opin Virol 2011, 1:58-62.
• [2]Culley AI: Virophages to viromes: a report from the frontier of viral oceanography. Curr Opin Virol 2011, 1:52-57.
• [3]La Scola B, Audic S, Robert C, Jungang L, de Lamballerie X, Drancourt M, Birtles R, Claverie JM, Raoult D: A giant virus in amoebae. Science 2003, 299:2033.
• [4]Arslan D, Legendre M, Seltzer V, Abergel C, Claverie J: Distant Mimivirus relative with a larger genome highlights the fundamental features of Megaviridae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011, 108:17486-17491.
• [5]Legendre M, Arslan D, Abergel C, Claverie JM: Genomics of Megavirus and the elusive fourth domain of Life. Commun Integr Biol 2012, 5:102-106.
• [6]La Scola B, Marrie TJ, Auffray JP, Raoult D: Mimivirus in pneumonia patients. Emerg Infect Dis 2005, 11:449-452.
• [7]Xiao C, Chipman PR, Battisti AJ, Bowman VD, Renesto P, Raoult D, Rossmann MG: Cryo-electron microscopy of the giant Mimivirus. J Mol Biol 2005, 28(3):493-496. 353
• [8]Zauberman N, Mutsafi Y, Halevy DB, Shimoni E, Klein E, Xiao C, Sun S, Minsky A: Distinct DNA exit and packaging portals in the virus Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus. PLoS Biol 2008, 13;6(5):e114.
• [9]Boughalmi M, Saadi H, Pagnier I, Colson P, Fournous G, Raoult D, La Scola B: High-throughput isolation of giant viruses of the Mimiviridae and Marseilleviridae families in the Tunisian environment. Environ Microbiol 2012, 53:344-353.
• [10]Ghedin E, Claverie JM: Mimivirus relatives in the Sargasso sea. Virol J 2005, 2:62. BioMed Central Full Text
• [11]Monier A, Larsen JB, Sandaa RA, Bratbak G, Claverie JM, Ogata H: Marine mimivirus relatives are probably large algal viruses. Virol J 2008, 5:12. BioMed Central Full Text
• [12]Williamson SJ, Allen LZ, Lorenzi HA, Fadrosh DW, Brami D, Thiagarajan M, McCrow JP, Tovchigrechko A, Yooseph S, Venter JC: Metagenomic exploration of viruses throughout the Indian Ocean. PLoS One 2012, 7:e42047.
• [13]La Scola B, Desnues C, Pagnier I, Robert C, Barrassi L, Fournous G, Merchat M, Suzan-Monti M, Forterre P, Koonin E, Raoult D: The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus. Nature 2008, 455:100-104.
• [14]Yau S, Lauro FM, DeMaere MZ, Brown MV, Thomas T, Raftery MJ, Andrews-Pfannkoch C, Lewis M, Hoffman JM, Gibson JA, Cavicchioli R: Virophage control of antarctic algal host-virus dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011, 108:6163-6168.
• [15]Fischer MG, Suttle CA: A virophage at the origin of large DNA transposons. Science 2011, 332:231-234.
• [16]Dare RK, Chittaganpitch M, Erdman DD: Screening pneumonia patients for mimivirus. Emerg Infect Dis 2008, 14:465-467.
• [17]Philippe N, Legendre M, Doutre G, Couté Y, Poirot O, Lescot M, Arslan D, Seltzer V, Bertaux L, Bruley C, Garin J, Claverie JM, Abergel C: Pandoraviruses: amoeba viruses with genomes up to 2.5 Mb reaching that of parasitic eukaryotes. Science 2013, 341:281-286.
• [18]Xiao C, Kuznetsov YG, Sun S, Hafenstein SL, Kostyuchenko VA, Chipman PR, Suzan-Monti M, Raoult D, McPherson A, Rossmann MG: Structural studies of the giant mimivirus. PLoS Biol 2009, 7:e92.
• [19]Claverie JM, Abergel C: Mimivirus: the emerging paradox of quasi-autonomous viruses. Trends Genet 2010, 26:431-437.
• [20]Boyer M, Azza S, Barrassi L, Klose T, Campocasso A, Pagnier I, Fournous G, Borg A, Robert C, Zhang X, Desnues C, Henrissat B, Rossmann MG, La Scola B, Raoult D: Mimivirus shows dramatic genome reduction after intraamoebal culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011, 108:10296-10301.
• [21]Suzan-Monti M, La Scola B, Barrassi L, Espinosa L, Raoult D: Ultrastructural characterization of the giant volcano-like virus factory of Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus. PLoS One 2007, 2:e328.
• [22]Krupovic M, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V: Virophages or satellite viruses? Nat Rev Microbiol 2011, 9:762-763.
• [23]Desnues C, Raoult D: Inside the lifestyle of the virophage. Intervirology 2010, 53:293-303.
• [24]Claverie JM, Grzela R, Lartigue A, Bernadac A, Nitsche S, Vacelet J, Ogata H, Abergel C: Mimivirus and Mimiviridae: giant viruses with an increasing number of potential hosts, including corals and sponges. J Invertebr Pathol 2009, 101:172-180.
• [25]Fischer MG, Allen MJ, Wilson WH, Suttle CA: Giant virus with a remarkable complement of genes infects marine zooplankton. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107:19508-19513.
• [26]Desnues C, La Scola B, Yutin N, Fournous G, Robert C, Azza S, Jardot P, Monteil S, Campocasso A, Koonin EV, Raoult D: Provirophages and transpovirons as the diverse mobilome of giant viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012, 30:18078-18083.
• [27]Slimani M, Pagnier I, Raoult D, La Scola B: Amoebae as battlefields for bacteria, giant viruses, and virophages. J Virol 2013, 87(8):4783-4785.
• [28]Reed LJ, Muench H: A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints. Am J Hyg 1938, 27:493-497.