LeishVet update and recommendations on feline leishmaniosis

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Laia Solano-Gallego⁶  Gaetano Oliva⁸  Guadalupe Miró⁴  Alek Koutinas³  Patrick Bourdeau¹  Gad Baneth⁷  Luís Cardoso⁵  Maria-Grazia Pennisi² 

[1] Veterinary School of Nantes ONIRIS, University of Nantes, LUNAM, Nantes 44307, France;Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy;Quality Vet-Practice, Volos, Greece;Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal;Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain;Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Department of Veterinary Medicine and Food Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino 1, Naples 80137, Italy

关键词: Recommendations;    Prevention;    Prognosis;    Treatment;    Diagnosis;    Epidemiology;    Leishmania infantum;    Feline leishmaniosis;   

Others  :  1224682
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-015-0909-z

 received in 2015-02-08, accepted in 2015-05-20,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Limited data is available on feline leishmaniosis (FeL) caused by Leishmania infantum worldwide. The LeishVet group presents in this report a review of the current knowledge on FeL, the epidemiological role of the cat in L. infantum infection, clinical manifestations, and recommendations on diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, prognosis and prevention of infection, in order to standardize the management of this disease in cats. The consensus of opinions and recommendations was formulated by combining a comprehensive review of evidence-based studies and case reports, clinical experience and critical consensus discussions. While subclinical feline infections are common in areas endemic for canine leishmaniosis, clinical illness due to L. infantum in cats is rare. The prevalence rates of feline infection with L. infantum in serological or molecular-based surveys range from 0 % to more than 60 %. Cats are able to infect sand flies and, therefore, they may act as a secondary reservoir, with dogs being the primary natural reservoir. The most common clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities compatible with FeL include lymph node enlargement and skin lesions such as ulcerative, exfoliative, crusting or nodular dermatitis (mainly on the head or distal limbs), ocular lesions (mainly uveitis), feline chronic gingivostomatitis syndrome, mucocutaneous ulcerative or nodular lesions, hypergammaglobulinaemia and mild normocytic normochromic anaemia. Clinical illness is frequently associated with impaired immunocompetence, as in case of retroviral coinfections or immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnosis is based on serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) or culture. If serological testing is negative or low positive in a cat with clinical signs compatible with FeL, the diagnosis of leishmaniosis should not be excluded and additional diagnostic methods (cytology, histology with IHC, PCR, culture) should be employed. The most common treatment used is allopurinol. Meglumine antimoniate has been administered in very few reported cases. Both drugs are administered alone and most cats recover clinically after therapy. Follow-up of treated cats with routine laboratory tests, serology and PCR is essential for prevention of clinical relapses. Specific preventative measures for this infection in cats are currently not available.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Pennisi et al.

【 图 表 】

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