Radiation Oncology | |
Radiotherapy of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma: case report and review of literature | |
Davorin Loncaric4  Sandra Marinovic Kulisic4  Ivo Radman3  Snjezana Dotlic2  Jaka Rados4  Kresimir Kostovic4  Ivana Jovanovic1  Romana Ceovic4  | |
[1] Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia;Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia;Department of Hematology, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia | |
关键词: Fractionated Radiotherapy; Superficial; Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma; | |
Others : 1226190 DOI : 10.1186/1748-717X-8-147 |
|
received in 2013-06-16, accepted in 2013-06-17, 发布年份 2013 | |
【 摘 要 】
Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma is an indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma originating from the follicle center cells, composed of a combination of centrocytes (small and large cleaved cells) and centroblasts (large noncleaved cells) with a follicular, follicular/diffuse, or diffuse growth pattern. Lesions are mostly located on the head, neck and trunk. A case is presented of a 56-year-old male patient with primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma, with lesions involving the skin of the back, shoulders, presternal area and right forearm. As the patient presented a disseminated cutaneous form of the disease that involved several anatomical regions, complete work-up was followed by superficial fractionated radiotherapy of eight fields in VI expositions, with total irradiation dose of 1400 cGy upon the following fields: right and left pectoral region, left and right shoulders, right suprascapular region, and proximal third of the right forearm. Total irradiation dose applied upon each field for the lesions located on the left and right side of the back was 1500 cGy. This therapy resulted in significant reduction of visible tumor. The patient was regularly followed up on outpatient basis for 12 months of radiotherapy, being free from local recurrence and systemic spread of the disease.
【 授权许可】
2013 Ceovic et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
【 预 览 】
Files | Size | Format | View |
---|---|---|---|
20150923092915846.pdf | 2572KB | download | |
Figure 7. | 89KB | Image | download |
Figure 6. | 96KB | Image | download |
Figure 5. | 64KB | Image | download |
Figure 4. | 189KB | Image | download |
Figure 3. | 341KB | Image | download |
Figure 2. | 88KB | Image | download |
Figure 1. | 83KB | Image | download |
【 图 表 】
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
【 参考文献 】
- [1]Willemze R, Jaffe ES, Burg G, Cerroni L, Berti E, Swerdlow SH, Ralfkiaer E, Chimenti S, Diaz-Perez JL, Duncan LM, Grange F, Harris NL, Kempf W, Kerl H, Kurrer M, Knobler R, Pimpinelli N, Sander C, Santucci M, Sterry W, Vermeer MH, Wechsler J, Whittaker S, Meijer CJ: WHO-EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas. Blood 2005, 105:3768-3785.
- [2]Willemze R, Swerdlow SH, Harris NL, Vrgier B: Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma. In Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 2nd edition. Edited by Swerdlow SH. Lyon: IARC Press; 2008:227-228.
- [3]Senff NJ, Kluin- Nelemans JC, Willemze R: Results of bone marrow examination in 275 patients with histological features that suggest an indolent type of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2008, 142:52-56.
- [4]Fink-Puches R, Zenahlik P, Back B, Smolle J, Kerl H, Cerroni L: Primary cutaneous lymphomas: applicability of current classification schemes (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, World Health Organisation) based on clinicopathologic features observed in a large group of patients. Blood 2002, 99:800-805.
- [5]Pelosi E, Penna D, Deandreis D, Chiappella A, Skanjeti A, Vitolo U, Bisi G: FDG-PET in the detection of bone marrow disease in Hodgkin’s disease and aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and its impact on clinical management. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008, 52:9-16.
- [6]Kuo PH, McClennan BL, Carlson K, Wilson LD, Edelson RL, Heald PW, Girardi M: FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2008, 10:74-81.
- [7]Pelosi E, Penna D, Douroukas A, Bellò M, Amati A, Arena V, Passera R, Bisi G: Bone marrow disease detection with FDG-PET/CT and bone marrow biopsy during the staging of malignant lymphoma: results from a large multicentre study. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011, 55:469-475.
- [8]Cerroni L, Zöchling N, Pütz B, Kerl H: Infection by Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. J Cutan Pathol 1997, 24:457-461.
- [9]Goodlad JR, Davidson MM, Hollowood K, Ling C, MacKenzie C, Christie I, Batstone P, Ho-Yen D: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma and Borrelia burgdorferi infection in patients from the highlands of Scotland. Am J Surg Pathol 2000, 24:1279-1285.
- [10]Zöchling N, Pütz B, Wolf P, Kerl H, Cerroni L: Human herpesvirus 8-specific DNA sequences in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Arch Dermatol 1998, 134:246-247.
- [11]Viguier M, Rivet J, Agbalika F, Kerviler E, Brice P, Dubertret L, Bachelez H: B-cell lymphomas involving the skin associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Int J Dermatol 2002, 41:577-582.
- [12]Ghislanzoni M, Gambini D, Perrone T, Alessi E, Berti E: Primary cutaneous follicular center cell lymphoma of the nose with maxillary sinus involvement in a pediatric patient. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005, 52:s73-s75.
- [13]Willemze R, Meijer CJ, Sentis HJ, Scheffer E, van Vloten WA, Toonstra J, van der Putte SC: Primary cutaneous large cell lymphomas of follicular center origin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987, 16:518-526.
- [14]Berti E, Alessi E, Caputo R, Gianotti R, Delia D, Vezzoni P: Reticulohistiocytoma of the dorsum. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988, 19:259-272.
- [15]Santucci M, Pimpinelli N, Arganini L: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: a unique type of low grade lymphoma. Cancer 1991, 67:2311-2326.
- [16]Pimpinelli N, Santucci M, Carli P, Paglierani M, Bosi A, Moretti S, Giannotti B: Primary cutaneous follicular center cell lymphoma: clinical and histological aspects. Curr Probl Dermatol 1990, 19:203-220.
- [17]Cerroni L, Arzberger E, Pütz B, Höfler G, Metze D, Sander CA, Rose C, Wolf P, Rütten A, McNiff JM, Kerl H: Primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma with follicular growth pattern. Blood 2000, 95:3922-3928.
- [18]Groves FD, Linet MS, Travis LB, Devesa SS: Cancer surveillance series: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma incidence by histologic subtype in the United States from 1978 through 1995. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000, 92:1240-1251.
- [19]Willemze R, Meijer CJ, Scheffer E, Kluin PM, Van Vloten WA, Toonstra J, Van der Putte SC: Diffuse large cell lymphomas of follicular center cell origin presenting in the skin. A clinicopathologic and immunologic study of 16 patients. Am J Pathol 1987, 126:325-333.
- [20]Nathwani BN, Winberg CD, Diamond LW, Bearman RM, Kim H: Morphologic criteria for the differentiation of follicular lymphoma from florid reactive follicular hyperplasia: a study of 80 cases. Cancer 1981, 48:1794-1806.
- [21]Englisch JSC, Smith NP, Spaull J, Wilson Jones E, Winkelmann RK: Large cell lymphocytoma: a clinicopathological study. Clin Exp Dermatol 1989, 14:181-185.
- [22]Winkelmann RK, Dabski K: Large cell lymphocytoma: follow up, immunopathology studies, and comparison to cutaneous follicular and Crosti lymphoma. Arch Dermatol Res 1987, 279:s81-s87.
- [23]Leinweber B, Colli C, Chott A, Kerl H, Cerroni L: Differential diagnosis of cutaneous infiltrates of B lymphocytes with follicular growth pattern. Am J Dermatopathol 2004, 26:4-13.
- [24]Hoefnagel JJ, Vermeer MH, Jansen PM, Fleuren GJ, Meijer CJ, Willemze R: Bcl-2, Bcl-6 and CD10 expression in cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: further support for a follicle centre cell origin and differential diagnostic significance. Br J Dermatol 2003, 149:1183-1191.
- [25]Kim BK, Surti U, Pandya AG, Swerdlow SH: Primary and secondary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2003, 27:356-364.
- [26]Dogan A, Du MQ, Aiello A, Diss TC, Ye HT, Pan LX, Isaacson PG: Follicular lymphomas contain a clonally linked but phenotypically distinct neoplastic B-cell population in the interfollicular zone. Blood 1998, 91:4708-4714.
- [27]Cerroni L, Volkenandt M, Rieger E, Soyer HP, Kerl H: Bcl-2 protein expression and correlation with the interchromosomal 14;18 translocation in cutaneous lymphomas and pseudolymphomas. J Invest Dermatol 1994, 102:231-235.
- [28]Geelen FA, Vermeer MH, Meijer CJ, Van der Putte SC, Kerkhof E, Kluin PM, Willemze RJ: Bcl-2 protein expression in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma is site-related. Clin Oncol 1998, 16:2080-2085.
- [29]Goodlad JR, Krajewski AS, Batstone PJ, McKay P, White JM, Benton EC, Kavanagh GM, Lucraft HH, Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group: Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma: a clinicopathologic and molecular study of 16 cases in support of a distinct entity. Am J Surg Pathol 2002, 26:733-741.
- [30]Mirza I, Macpherson N, Paproski S, Gascoyne RD, Yang B, Finn WG, Hsi ED: Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma: an assessment of clinical, histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features. J Clin Oncol 2002, 20:647-655.
- [31]Lawnicki LC, Weisenburger DD, Aoun P, Chan WC, Wickert RS, Greiner TC: The t(14;18) and bcl-2 expression are present in a subset of primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma: association with lower grade. Am J Clin Pathol 2002, 118:765-772.
- [32]Bachmeyer C, Khosrotehrani K, Moguelet P, Aractingi S: Primary cutaneous follicular B-cell lymphoma arising at the site of radiotherapy for breast cancer. Br J Dermatol 2007, 156:198-199.
- [33]De Leval L, Harris NL, Longtine J, Ferry JA, Duncan LM: Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas of follicular and marginal zone types: use of Bcl-6, CD10, Bcl-2, and CD21 in differential diagnosis and classification. Am J Surg Pathol 2001, 25:732-741.
- [34]Rijlaarsdam JU, Meijer CJ, Willemze R: Differentiation between lymphadenosis benigna cutis and primary cutaneous follicular center cell lymphomas. A comparative clinicopathologic study of 57 patients. Cancer 1990, 65:2301-2306.
- [35]Triscott JA, Ritter JH, Swanson PE, Wick MR: Immunoreactivity for bcl-2 protein in cutaneous lymphomas and lymphoid hyperplasias. J Cutan Pathol 1995, 22:2-10.
- [36]Kodama K, Massone C, Chott A, Metze D, Kerl H, Cerroni L: Primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas: clinicopathologic features, classification, and prognostic factors in a large series of patients. Blood 2005, 106:2491-2497.
- [37]Garcia CF, Weiss LM, Warnke RA, Wood GS: Cutaneous follicular lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1986, 10:454-463.
- [38]Aarts WM, Willemze R, Bende RJ, Meijer CJ, Pals ST, van Noesel CJ, Aarts WM, Willemze R, Bende RJ, Meijer CJ, Pals ST, van Noesel CJ: VH gene analysis of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: evidence for ongoing somatic hypermutation and isotype switching. Blood 1998, 92:3857-3864.
- [39]Gellrich S, Rutz S, Golembowski S, Jacobs C, von Zimmermann M, Lorenz P, Audring H, Muche M, Sterry W, Jahn S: Primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphomas and large B cell lymphomas of the leg descend from germinal center cells: a single cell polymerase chain reaction analysis. J Invest Dermatol 2001, 117:1512-1520.
- [40]Franco R, Fernandez-Vazquez A, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Bellas C, López-Ríos F, Sáez A, Villuendas R, Navarrete M, Fernandez I, Zarco C, Piris MA: Cutaneous follicular B-cell lymphoma: description of a series of 18 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2001, 25:875-883.
- [41]Child FJ, Russell-Jones R, Woolford AJ, Calonje E, Photiou A, Orchard G, Whittaker SJ: Absence of the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 2001, 144:735-744.
- [42]Streubel B, Scheucher B, Valencak J, Huber D, Petzelbauer P, Trautinger F, Weihsengruber F, Mannhalter C, Cerroni L, Chott A: Molecular cytogenetic evidence of t(14;18)(IGH;BCL2) in a substantial proportion of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2006, 30:529-536.
- [43]Kim BK, Surti U, Pandya A, Cohen J, Rabkin MS, Swerdlow SH: Clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular cytogenetic fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of primary and secondary cutaneous follicular lymphomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2005, 29:69-82.
- [44]Delia D, Borrello MG, Berti E, Pierotti MA, Biassoni D, Gianotti R, Alessi E, Rizzetti MG, Caputo R, Della Porta G: Clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and normal T-cell receptor, bcl-2, and c-myc genes in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Cancer Res 1989, 49:4901-4905.
- [45]Child FJ, Scarisbrick JJ, Calonje E, Orchard G, Russell-Jones R, Whittaker SJ: Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes p15(INK4b) and p16(INK4a) in primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2002, 118:941-948.
- [46]Willemze R, Kerl H, Sterry W, Berti E, Cerroni L, Chimenti S, Diaz-Peréz JL, Geerts ML, Goos M, Knobler R, Ralfkiaer E, Santucci M, Smith N, Wechsler J, van Vloten WA, Meijer CJ: EORTC classification of primary cutaneous lymphomas: a proposal from the Cutaneous Lymphoma Study Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Blood 1997, 90:354-371.
- [47]Grange F, Hedelin G, Joly P, Beylot-Barry M, D’Incan M, Delaunay M, Vaillant L, Avril MF, Bosq J, Wechsler J, Dalac S, Grosieux C, Franck N, Esteve E, Michel C, Bodemer C, Vergier B, Laroche L, Bagot M: Prognostic factors in primary cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome. The French Study Group on Cutaneous Lymphomas. Blood 1999, 93:3637-3642.
- [48]Rijlaarsdam JU, Toonstra J, Meijer OW, Noordijk EM, Willemze R: Treatment of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas of follicle center cell origin: a clinical follow-up study of 55 patients treated with radiotherapy or polychemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1996, 14:549-555.
- [49]Pimpinelli N, Santucci M, Bosi A, Moretti S, Vallecchi C, Messori A, Giannotti B: Primary cutaneous follicular centre-cell lymphoma: a lymphoproliferative disease with favourable prognosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1989, 14:12-19.
- [50]Piccinno R, Caccialanza M, Berti E: Dermatologic radiotherapy of primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma. Eur J Dermatol 2003, 13:49-52.
- [51]Senff NJ, Noordijk EM, Kim YH, Bagot M, Berti E, Cerroni L, Dummer R, Duvic M, Hoppe RT, Pimpinelli N, Rosen ST, Vermeer MH, Whittaker S, Willemze R, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer; International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma consensus recommendations for the management of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2008, 112:1600-1609.
- [52]Grange F, Bekkenk MW, Wechsler J, Meijer CJ, Cerroni L, Bernengo M, Bosq J, Hedelin G, Fink Puches R, van Vloten WA, Joly P, Bagot M, Willemze R: Prognostic factors in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas: a European multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 2001, 19:3602-3610.
- [53]Bekkenk MW, Vermeer MH, Geerts ML, Noordijk EM, Heule F, van Voorst Vader PC, van Vloten WA, Meijer CJ, Willemze R: Treatment of multifocal primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: a clinical follow-up study of 29 patients. J Clin Oncol 1999, 17:2471-2478.
- [54]Pimpinelli N, Vallecchi C: Local orthvolt radiotherapy in primary cutaneous B- cell lymphomas; results in series of 115 patients. Skin Cancer 1999, 14:219-224.
- [55]Smith BD, Glusac EJ, McNiff JM, Smith GL, Heald PW, Cooper DL, Wilson LD: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma treated with radiotherapy: a comparison of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the WHO classification systems. J Clin Oncol 2004, 22:634-639.
- [56]Senff NJ, Hoefnagel JJ, Neelis KJ, Vermeer MH, Noordijk EM, Willemze R, Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Group: Results of radiotherapy in 153 primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas classified according to the WHO-EORTC classification. Arch Dermatol 2007, 143:1520-1526.
- [57]Parodi A, Micalizzi C, Rebora A: Intralesional natural interferon α in the treatment of Crosti’ s lymphoma (primary cutaneous B follicular centre-cell lymphoma): report of four cases. J Dermatol Treatm 1996, 7:105-107.
- [58]Cerroni L, Peris K, Torlone G, Chimenti S: Use of recombinant interferon α-2a in the treatment of cutaneous lymphomas of T- and B-cell lineage. In Basic Mechanisms of Physiologic and Aberrant Lymphoproliferation in the Skin. 265th edition. Edited by Lambert WC, Giannotti B, van Vloten WA. New York: Plenum Press; 1994:545-551.
- [59]Trent JT, Romanelli P, Kerdel FA: Topical targetin and intralesional interferon-α for cutaneous lymphoma of the scalp. Arch Dermatol 2002, 138:1421-1423.
- [60]Sangfelt O, Erickson S, Castro J, Heiden T, Einhorn S, Grandér D: Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth are independent responses to interferon-alpha in hematopoietic cell lines. Cell Growth Differ 1997, 8:343-352.
- [61]Sangfelt O, Erickson S, Grander D: Mechanisms of interferon-induced cell cycle arrest. Front Biosci 2000, 5:479-487.
- [62]Heinzerling LM, Urbanek M, Funk JO, Peker S, Bleck O, Neuber K, Burg G, von Den Driesch P, Dummer R: Reduction of tumor burden and stabilization of disease by systemic therapy with anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) in patients with primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Cancer 2000, 89:1835-1844.
- [63]Schmook T, Stockfleth E, Lischner S, Gahn B, Christophers E, Hauschild A: Remarkable remission of a follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab and polychemotherapy (CHOP). Clin Exp Dermatol 2003, 28:31-33.
- [64]Paul T, Radny P, Kröber SM, Paul A, Blaheta HJ, Garbe C: Intralesional rituximab for cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 2001, 144:1239-1243.
- [65]Heinzerling L, Dummer R, Kempf W, Schmid MH, Burg G: Intralesional therapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Arch Dermatol 2000, 136:374-378.
- [66]Kennedy GA, Blum R, McCormack C, Prince HM: Treatment of primary cutaneous follicular centre lymphoma with rituximab: a report of two cases. Australas J Dermatol 2004, 45:34-37.
- [67]Fink-Puches R, Wolf IH, Zalaudek I, Kerl H, Cerroni L: Treatment of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma with rituximab. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005, 52:847-853.
- [68]Fierro MT, Savoia P, Quaglino P, Novelli M, Barberis M, Bernengo MG: Systemic therapy with cyclophosphamide and anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) in relapsed primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: a report of 7 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003, 49:281-287.
- [69]Grange F, Petrella T, Beylot-Barry M, Joly P, D’Incan M, Delaunay M, Machet L, Avril MF, Dalac S, Bernard P, Carlotti A, Esteve E, Vergier B, Dechelotte P, Cassagnau E, Courville P, Saiag P, Laroche L, Bagot M, Wechsler J: Bcl-2 protein expression is the strongest independent prognostic factor of survival in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2004, 103:3662-3668.
- [70]Bekkenk MW, Postma TJ, Meijer CJ, Willemze R: Frequency of central nervous system involvement in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Cancer 2000, 89:913-919.