Ixodid ticks of traditionally managed cattle in central Nigeria: where Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus does not dare (yet?)

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Susan C Welburn²  Augustine Igweh³  Gyang Balak³  Charles Dongkum³  Ayodele Majekodunmi²  Barend MC de Bronsvoort¹  Kim Picozzi²  Vincenzo Lorusso² 

[1] The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK;Division of Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh University Medical School, The Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK;Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, PMB 03, Vom, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

关键词: Nigeria;    sub-Saharan Africa;    Tick-borne diseases;    Ticks;    Cattle;   

Others  :  1227010
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-6-171

 received in 2013-03-25, accepted in 2013-05-28,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) undermine cattle fitness and productivity in the whole of sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. The aim of this study was to document the composition of tick species, assessing the burden of infestation, in traditionally managed cattle in an area of central Nigeria where acaricides have not been used historically.

Methods

The study was carried out in September 2010 in 9 villages belonging to three neighbouring local government areas in Plateau State, Nigeria. In each village all visible adult ticks were collected from at least 15 cattle (mean number = 25). Collected ticks were preserved in 70% ethanol to be counted and morphologically identified to the species level.

Results

A total of 5011 ixodid ticks (1935 males and 3076 females) were collected from 228 cattle, comprising 14 calves, 33 juveniles, and 181 adults. Three tick genera (i.e., Amblyomma, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus, including the Boophilus sub-genus) and 11 species were identified. The most prevalent species was Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (41.4%), followed by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (15.4%), Rhipicephalus guilhoni (12.0%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) geigyi (7.6%), Hyalomma truncatum (7.4%), Amblyomma variegatum (6.3%), Rhipicephalus simus Group (4.0%), Rhipicephalus turanicus (1.2%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.3%), Hyalomma rufipes (0.2%), and Rhipicephalus lunulatus (n = 1). Mean tick loads recorded were relatively high (22 ± 1.4), in spite of the practice of hand removal of ticks traditionally undertaken by the Fulani pastoralists in the area. Calves bore a significantly lower tick burden than adults (p = 0.004). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was not found in the area, suggesting that the eastbound expansion of this tick species in West Africa, has not yet reached central Nigeria.

Conclusions

This study ascertained the presence of a broad variety of cattle tick species, most of which are of veterinary importance. The presence of each tick species is correlated with the potential occurrence of tick-borne pathogens and suggestions for tick control in the area are considered. Results should assist the diagnosis of related TBDs in cattle as well as the strategic planning of cost-effective tick control.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Lorusso et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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