Eco-epidemiological analysis of dengue infection during an outbreak of dengue fever, India

Virology Journal

Rajni Kumaria¹  Anita Chakravarti¹ 

[1] Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg New Delhi-110002, India

关键词: Relative humidity;    Temperature;    Rainfall;    India;    Dengue fever;    Dengue Infection;   

Others  :  1158187
DOI  :  10.1186/1743-422X-2-32

 received in 2005-02-11, accepted in 2005-04-14,  发布年份 2005

【 摘 要 】

Background

This study was designed to find out a relationship of dengue infection with climatic factors such as rainfall, temperature and relative humidity during the dengue fever epidemic in the year 2003. Blood samples were collected from 1550 patients experiencing a febrile illness clinically consistent with dengue infection. Serological confirmation of Dengue Infection was done using Dengue Duo IgM and IgG Rapid Strip test (Pan Bio, Australia), which detected dengue-specific antibodies. Monthly data of total rainfall, temperature and relative humidity for the year 2003 was obtained from Meteorological Department of Delhi, New Delhi and retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Out of 1550 suspected cases, 893 cases (57.36%) were confirmed as serologically positive. The difference between numbers of serologically positive cases during different months was significant (p < 0.05). Larger proportions of serologically positive cases were observed among adults. Outbreak coincided mainly with the post monsoon period of subnormal rainfall. The difference between serologically positive cases as compared to serologically negative ones in post monsoon period was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The difference in the rainfall and temperature between three seasonal periods was significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This prospective study highlighted rain, temperature and relative humidity as the major and important climatic factors, which could alone or collectively be responsible for an outbreak. More studies in this regard could further reveal the correlation between the climatic changes and dengue outbreaks, which would help in making the strategies and plans to forecast any outbreak in future well in advance.

【 授权许可】

   
2005 Chakravarti and Kumaria; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Gubler DJ: Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998, 113:480-496.
• [2]Teixeira MDG, Costa MCN, Guerra Z, Barreto ML: Dengue in Brazil: Situation-2001 and trends. Dengue Bull 2002, 26:70-76.
• [3]Sukri NC, Laras K, Wandra T, Didi S, Larasati RP, Rachdyatmaka JR: Transmission of epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever in easternmost Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003, 68(5):529-535.
• [4]Barrera R, Delgado N, Jimenez M, Valero S: Eco-epidemiological factors associated with hyper endemic dengue hemorrhagic fever in Maracay city, Venezuela. Dengue Bull 2002, 26:84-95.
• [5]WHO: Health Situation in the South East Asian Region 1998–2000. WHO Regional Office, South East Asia, New Delhi
• [6]Gibbons RV, Vaughn DW: Dengue: an escalating problem. BMJ 2002, 324:1563-1566.
• [7]Innis BL: Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In Kass handbook of infectious diseases: exotic virus infections. Edited by Porterfield JS. London: Chapman and Hall Medical; 1995:103-146.
• [8]Rigau-Perez JG, Clark GG, Gubler DJ, Reiter P, Sanders EJ, Vorndam AV: Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Lancet 1998, 352:971-977.
• [9]McBride WJ, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H: Dengue viral infections: pathogenesis and epidemiology. Microbes Infect 2000, 2:1041-1050.
• [10]Ramalingaswami V: Presentations to participants: The changing paradigms of dengue. Dengue outbreak in Delhi: Round table conference series: Ranbaxy Science Foundation; 1996, 7-9.
• [11]Kabra SM, Verma IC, Arora NK, Jain Y, Kabra V: DHF in children in Delhi. Bull WHO 1992, 45:105-108.
• [12]Chakravarti A, Kumaria R, Sharma VK, Berry N: Serodiagnosis of dengue infection by rapid immuno chromatography test in a hospital setting in Delhi, India, 1999–2001. Dengue Bull 2002, 23:109-112.
• [13]Sharma RS, Panigrahi N, Kaul SM, Shivlal , Barua K, Bhardwaj M: Status report of DF/DHF during 1998 in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India. Dengue Bull 1999, 23:109-112.
• [14]Katyal R, Singh K, Kumar K: Seasonal variations in A. Aegypti population in Delhi, India. Dengue Bull 1996, 20:78-81.
• [15]Kumar RR, Kamal S, Patnaik SK, Sharma RC: Breeding habitats and larval indices of Aedes aegypti (L) in residential areas of Rajahmundary town, Andhra Pradesh. Ind J Med Res 2002, 115:31-36.
• [16]Report- 10 died, about 1400 affected by Dengue fever in Indian Capital. Source: Agence France-Presse (AFP) [http://www:afp.com] webcite 19 October 2003
• [17]Gubler DJ, Reiter P, Ebi KL, Yap W, Nasci R, Patz J: Climatic variability and change in the United States: Potential impacts on vector and rodent-borne diseases. Environ Health Perspec 2001, 109:223-249.
• [18]Amin MMM, Hussain AMZ, Murshed M, Chowdhury IA, Mannan S, Chowdhuri SA, Banu D: Sero-Diagnosis of dengue infection by haemagglutination inhibition test (HI) in suspected cases in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Dengue Bull 1999, 23:34-38.
• [19]Naing CM, Lertmaharit S, Naing KS: Time-series analysis of dengue fever/Dengue hemorrhagic fever in Myanmar since 1991. Dengue Bull 2002, 26:24-32.
• [20]Rebelo JM, Costa JM, Silva FS, Pereira YN, da Silva JM: Distribution of Aedes aegypti and dengue in state of Maranhao, Brazil. Cad-Saude-publica 1999, 15(3):477-486.
• [21]Barrera R, Delgado N, Jimenez M, Valero S: Eco-epidemiological factors associated with hyperendemic dengue hemorrhagic fever in Maracay city, Venezuela. Dengue Bull 2002, 26:84-95.
• [22]Strickman D, Kittayapong P: Dengue and its vectors in Thailand: Introduction to the study and seasonal distribution of Aedes Larvae. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002, 67(3):247-259.
• [23]Seth , Singh UB: Use of predicted amino acid sequence of envelope- nonstructural protein 1 region to study molecular evolution of epidemic -causing dengue-2 strains. Dengue Bull 1999, 23:18-23.
• [24]Kalayanarooj S, Nimmannitya S: Clinical and laboratory presentations of dengue patients with different serotypes. Dengue Bull 2000, 24:53-59.
• [25]Vaughn DW, Green S, Kalayanarooj S, Innis BL, Nimmannitya S, Suntayakorn S: Dengue viremia titer, antibody response pattern and virus serotype correlate with disease severity. J Infec Dis 2000, 181:2-9.
• [26]Dengue hemorrhagic fever: Diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control 2nd edition. WHO: Geneva ; 1997.