Multiple Trypanosoma infections are common amongst Glossina species in the new farming areas of Rufiji district, Tanzania

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Elikira N Kimbita⁴  Halifa M Msami⁵  Nicodemus K Lwitiko³  Gideon K Kasilagila²  Lupakisyo A Kapange²  Eugene A Lyaruu²  Joyce W Daffa¹  Elipidius J Rukambile⁵  Kamilius A Mamiro⁵  Hamisi S Nyingilili²  Henry B Magwisha⁵  Imna I Malele² 

[1] Ministry of Livestock Development & Fisheries (MLDF), Box 9152, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;Tsetse & Trypanosomiasis Research Institute (TTRI), Box 1026 Tanga, Tanzania;District Veterinary Office, Rufiji, Tanzania;Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania;Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Box 9254 Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

关键词: Tanzania;    pastoralists;    trypanosomiasis;    livestock;    attractants;    traps;    Glossina;    Trypanosoma;    tsetse;   

Others  :  1235316
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-4-217

 received in 2011-08-18, accepted in 2011-11-17,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background

Tsetse flies and trypanosomiasis are among several factors that constrain livestock development in Tanzania. Over the years Rufiji District was excluded from livestock production owing to tsetse fly infestation, however, a few years ago there was an influx of livestock following evictions aimed at conserving the Usangu wetlands.

Methods

A study was conducted to determine the efficiency of available traps for catching tsetse flies, Glossina species infesting the area, their infection rates and Trypanosoma species circulating in the area. Trapping was conducted during the semi dry season for a total of 30 days (ten days each month) during the onset of the dry season of May - July 2009. Harvested flies after every 24 hours were dissected and examined under a light microscope for trypanosome infections and whole fly DNA was extracted from 82 flies and analyzed for trypanosomes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using different sets of primers.

Results

The proportions of total tsetse catches per trap were in the following decreasing order S3 (33%), H-Trap (27%), Pyramidal (19%), sticky panel (11%) and biconical trap (10%). Of the 1200 trapped flies, 75.6% were identified as Glossina pallidipes, 11.7% as G. brevipalpis, 9.6% as G. austeni and 3.0% G. morsitans morsitans. Dissections revealed the overall infection rate of 6.6% (13/197). Whole DNA was extracted from 82 tsetse flies and the prevalence of trypanosomes circulating in the area in descending order was 92.7% (76/82) for T. simiae; 70.7% (58/82) for T. brucei types; 48.8% (40/82) for the T. vivax types and 32.9% (27/82) for the T. congolense types as determined by PCR. All trypanosome types were found in all tsetse species analysed except for the T. congolense types, which were absent in G. m. morsitans. None of the T. brucei positive samples contained human infective trypanosomes by SRA - PCR test

Conclusion

All tsetse species found in Rufiji are biologically important in the transmission of animal trypanosomiasis and the absence of T. congolense in G. m. morsitans could be a matter of chance only. Therefore, plans for control should consider all tsetse species.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Malele et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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