Chromosome anomalies in bone marrow as primary cause of aplastic or hypoplastic conditions and peripheral cytopenia: disorders due to secondary impairment of RUNX1 and MPL genes

Molecular Cytogenetics

Emanuela Maserati³  Francesco Pasquali⁵  Franco Locatelli¹  Francesco Lo Curto⁵  Marco Zecca⁴  Alessandra Di Cesare-Merlone⁴  Simona Ferrari⁶  Luciana Vinti¹  Maria Ester Bernardo¹  Giuseppe Loffredo²  Giuseppe Menna²  Giuseppe Montalbano⁵  Lydia Mare⁵  Barbara Pressato⁵  Roberto Valli⁵  Cristina Marletta⁵ 

[1] Dipartimento di Onco-Ematologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Bambino Gesù, Roma, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy;Department of Oncology, Azienda "Santobono-Pausilipon", Pausilipon Hospital, Napoli, Italy;Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università dell’lnsubria, Via J. H. Dunant 5, I 21100, Varese, Italy;Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy;Biologia e Genetica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università dell'lnsubria, Varese, Italy;U.O. Genetica Medica, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy

关键词: Chromosome 21;    Chromosome 1;    Chromosome structural anomalies;    MPL;    RUNX1;    CAMT;    Thrombocytopenia;    SAA;   

Others  :  1151291
DOI  :  10.1186/1755-8166-5-39

 received in 2012-08-01, accepted in 2012-09-06,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Chromosome changes in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with persistent cytopenia are often considered diagnostic for a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Comprehensive cytogenetic evaluations may give evidence of the real pathogenetic role of these changes in cases with cytopenia without morphological signs of MDS.

Results

Chromosome anomalies were found in the BM of three patients, without any morphological evidence of MDS: 1) an acquired complex rearrangement of chromosome 21 in a boy with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA); the rearrangement caused the loss of exons 2–8 of the RUNX1 gene with subsequent hypoexpression. 2) a constitutional complex rearrangement of chromosome 21 in a girl with congenital thrombocytopenia; the rearrangement led to RUNX1 disruption and hypoexpression. 3) an acquired paracentric inversion of chromosome 1, in which two regions at the breakpoints were shown to be lost, in a boy with aplastic anaemia; the MPL gene, localized in chromosome 1 short arms was not mutated neither disrupted, but its expression was severely reduced: we postulate that the aplastic anaemia was due to position effects acting both in cis and in trans, and causing Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia (CAMT).

Conclusions

A clonal anomaly in BM does not imply per se a diagnosis of MDS: a subgroup of BM hypoplastic disorders is directly due to chromosome structural anomalies with effects on specific genes, as was the case of RUNX1 and MPL in the patients here reported with diagnosis of SAA, thrombocytopenia, and CAMT. The anomaly may be either acquired or constitutional, and it may act by deletion/disruption of the gene, or by position effects. Full cytogenetic investigations, including a-CGH, should always be part of the diagnostic evaluation of patients with BM aplasia/hypoplasia and peripheral cytopenias.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Marletta et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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