Association between smoking and total energy expenditure in a multi-country study

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pascal Bovet⁴  Dale A Schoeller²  Amy Luke⁵  Ramon Durazo-Arvizu⁵  Jacob Plange-Rhule³  Vicki Lambert⁷  Terrence Forrester⁶  Barathi Viswanathan⁴  Lara Dugas⁵  Semira Gonseth¹ 

[1] Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland;Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA;Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;NCD Section, Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles;Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA;Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica;Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

关键词: Body weight;    Body mass index;    Accelerometer;    Physical activity;    Total energy expenditure;    Doubly labeled water;    Smoking;   

Others  :  1131319
DOI  :  10.1186/1743-7075-11-48

 received in 2014-07-05, accepted in 2014-09-29,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The association between smoking and total energy expenditure (TEE) is still controversial. We examined this association in a multi-country study where TEE was measured in a subset of participants by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, the gold standard for this measurement.

Methods

This study includes 236 participants from five different African origin populations who underwent DLW measurements and had complete data on the main covariates of interest. Self-reported smoking status was categorized as either light (<7 cig/day) or high (≥7 cig/day). Lean body mass was assessed by deuterium dilution and physical activity (PA) by accelerometry.

Results

The prevalence of smoking was 55% in men and 16% in women with a median of 6.5 cigarettes/day. There was a trend toward lower BMI in smokers than non-smokers (not statistically significant). TEE was strongly correlated with fat-free mass (men: 0.70; women: 0.79) and with body weight (0.59 in both sexes). Using linear regression and adjusting for body weight, study site, age, PA, alcohol intake and occupation, TEE was larger in high smokers than in never smokers among men (difference of 298 kcal/day, p = 0.045) but not among women (162 kcal/day, p = 0.170). The association became slightly weaker in men (254 kcal/day, p = 0.058) and disappeared in women (−76 kcal/day, p = 0.380) when adjusting for fat-free mass instead of body weight.

Conclusion

There was an association between smoking and TEE among men. However, the lack of an association among women, which may be partly related to the small number of smoking women, also suggests a role of unaccounted confounding factors.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Gonseth et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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