Zingiber officinale acts as a nutraceutical agent against liver fibrosis

Nutrition & Metabolism

Asmaa F Aboul Naser³  Reem M Hashem¹  Manal H Shabana²  Manal A Hamed³  Tarek K Motawi⁴ 

[1] Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Seuf University, Salah Salem St., Beni-Seuf, 62511, Egypt;Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic Department, National Research Center, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt;Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt;Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt

关键词: histology;    antioxidants;    enzymes;    liver fibrosis;    Zingiber officinale;   

Others  :  821165
DOI  :  10.1186/1743-7075-8-40

 received in 2011-05-04, accepted in 2011-06-20,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background/objective

Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) (Zingiberaceae) has been cultivated for thousands of years both as a spice and for medicinal purposes. Ginger rhizomes successive extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol) were examined against liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.

Results

The evaluation was done through measuring antioxidant parameters; glutathione (GSH), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Liver marker enzymes; succinate and lactate dehydrogenases (SDH and LDH), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), acid phosphatase (AP), 5'- nucleotidase (5'NT) and liver function enzymes; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT) as well as cholestatic markers; alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin were estimated. Liver histopathological analysis and collagen content were also evaluated. Treatments with the selected extracts significantly increased GSH, SOD, SDH, LDH, G-6-Pase, AP and 5'NT. However, MDA, AST, ALT ALP, GGT and total bilirubin were significantly decreased.

Conclusions

Extracts of ginger, particularly the ethanol one resulted in an attractive candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis induced by CCl₄. Further studies are required in order to identify the molecules responsible of the pharmacological activity.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Motawi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Shanmugasundaram P, Venkataraman S: Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine acanthaceae root extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2006, 104:124-128.
• [2]Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J: Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007, 39:44-84.
• [3]Bhadauria M, Nirala SK, Shukla S: Multiple treatment of propolis extract ameliorates carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2008, 46:2703-2712.
• [4]Hyogo H, Yamagishi S: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their involvement in liver disease. Curr Pharm Des 2008, 14:969-972.
• [5]Fialova L, Malbohan I, Kalousova M, Soukupova J, Krofta L, Stipek S, Zima T: Oxidative stress and inflammation in pregnancy. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2006, 66:121-127.
• [6]Zuwała-Jagiełło J, Pazgan-Simon M, Krzysztof Simon K, Maria Warwas M: Advanced oxidation protein products and inflammatory markers in liver cirrhosis: a comparison between alcohol-related and HCV-related cirrhosis. Acta Biochimica Polonica 2011, 58:59-65.
• [7]Kanter M, Coskun O, Budancamanak M: Hepatoprotective effects of Nigella sativa L. and Urtica dioica L. on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and liver enzymes in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats. World J Gastroenterol 2005, 11:6684-6688.
• [8]Nevin KG, Vijayamma L: Effect of Aerva lanata against hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2005, 20:471-477.
• [9]Halliwell B, Chirico S: Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement and significance. Am J Clin Nut 1993, 57:715-725.
• [10]Mitra SK, Venkataranganna MV, Sundaram R, Gopumadhavan S: Effect of HD-03, a herbal formulation, on the antioxidant defense system in rats. Phytother Res 1998, 12:114-117.
• [11]Bartley J, Jacobs A: Effects of drying on flavour compounds in Australian-grown ginger (Zingiber officinale). J Sci Food Agric 2000, 80:209-215.
• [12]Stoilova I, Krastanov A, Stoyanova A, Denev P, Gargova S: Antioxidant activity of a ginger extract (Zingiber officinale). Food Chem 2007, 102:764-770.
• [13]Shati AA, Elsaid FG: Effects of water extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on alcohol abuse. Food Chem Toxicol 2009, 47:1945-9.
• [14]El-Sharaky AS, Newairy AA, Newairy AA, Kamel MA, Eweda SM: Protective effect of ginger extract against bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009, 47:1584-1590.
• [15]Matsuda A, Wang Z, Takahashi S, Tokuda T, Miura N, Hasegawa J: Upregulation of mRNA of retinoid binding protein and fatty acid binding protein by cholesterol enriched-diet and effect of ginger on lipid metabolism. Life Sci 2009, 84:903-907.
• [16]Habib SH, Makpol S, Abdul Hamid NA, Das S, Ngah WZ, Yusof YA: Ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects on ethionine-induced hepatoma rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2008, 63:807-813.
• [17]Bloch A, Thomson CA: Position of the American Diabetic Association: phytochemicals and functional foods. J Am Diet and Assoc 1995, 95:406-493.
• [18]Langner E, Greifenberg S, Gruenwald J: Ginger: history and use. Adv Ther 1998, 15:25-30.
• [19]Sharififar F, Moshafi MH, Dehghan-Nudehe G, Ameri A, Alishahi F, Pourhemati A: Bioassay screening of the essential oil and various extracts from 4 spices medicinal plants. Pak J Pharmcol Sci 2009, 22:317-322.
• [20]Nadal NG: Sterols of Spirulina maxima. Phytochemistry 1971, 10:2537-2538.
• [21]Seikel MK: Chromatographic methods of separation, isolation and identification of flavonoid compounds. In The Chemistry of Flavonoid Compounds. Macmillan Co, New York; 1962:34.
• [22]Trease GEM, Evans WC: Trease and Evans pharmacognosy. 13th edition. Baillière Tindall, London; 1989.
• [23]Marsillach J, Camps J, Ferré N, Beltran R, Rul A, Mackness B, Michael MM, Joven J: Paraoxonase-1 is related to inflammation, fibrosis and PPAR delta in experimental liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2009, 9:3. BioMed Central Full Text
• [24]Yuvaraj P, Subramoniam A: Hepatoprotective property of Thespesia populnea against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2009, 20:169-177.
• [25]Buege JA, Aust SD: Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Meth Enzymol 1978, 52:302-310.
• [26]Moron MS, Depierre JW, Mannervik B: Level of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathone-S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1979, 582:67-78.
• [27]Nishikimi M, Rae NA, Yagi K: The occurrence of superoxide anion in the action of reduced phenazine methosulphate and molecular oxygen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972, 46:849-853.
• [28]Rice ME, Shelton E: Comparison of the reduction of two tetrazolium salts with succinoxidase activity of tissue homogenates. J Nat Cancer Inst 1957, 18:117-125.
• [29]Babson AL, Babson SR: Kinetic colorimetric measurement of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity. Clin Chem 1973, 19:766-769.
• [30]Swanson MA: Glucose-6-phosphatase from liver. In Methods in Enzymology. Volume 2. Academic press, NY; 1955::541-543.
• [31]Wattiaux R, De Duve C: Release of bound hydrolase by means of Triton X-100. Biochem J 1956, 63:606-608.
• [32]Bodansiky O, Schwartz MK: Comparative effects of L-histidine on the activities of 5-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase. J Biol Chem 1963, 238:3420-3427.
• [33]Gella FJ, Olivella T, Cruz PM, Arenas J, Moreno R, Durban R, Gomez JA: A simple procedure for routine determination of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase with pyridoxal phosphate. Clin Chem Acta 1985, 153:241-247.
• [34]Bradford MM: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976, 72:248-254.
• [35]Rosalki SB, Foo AY, Burlina A: Multicenter evaluation of iso-ALP test kit for measurement of bone alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and plasma. Clin Chem 1993, 39:648-652.
• [36]Szasz G: A kinetic photometric method for serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Clin Chem 1969, 15:124-136.
• [37]Doumas BT, Perry BW, Sasse EA, Straumfjord JV: Standardization in bilirubin assays: evaluation of selected methods and stability of bilirubin solutions. Clin Chem 1973, 19:984-993.
• [38]Suzuki H, Suzuki K: Rat hypoplastic kidney (hpk/hpk) induces renal anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and osteodystrophy at the end stage of renal failure. J Vet Med Sci 1998, 60:1051-1058.
• [39]Asad M, Shewade DG, Koumaravelou K, Abraham BK, Vasu S, Ramaswamy S: Effect of centrally administered oxytocin on gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sinica 2001, 22:488-92.
• [40]Opoku AR, Ndlovu IM, Terblanche SE, Hutchings AH: vivo hepatoprotective effects of Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia, a traditional Zulu medicinal plant, against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats. South African J Botany 2007, 73:372-377.
• [41]Anosike CA, Obidoa O, Ezeanyika LU, Nwuba MM: Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activity of the ethanol extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Af J Biochem Res 2009, 3:379-384.
• [42]Gowri Shankar GNL, Manavalan R, Venkappayya D, Raj CD: Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Commiphora berryi (Arn) Engl bark extract against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2008, 46:3182-3185.
• [43]Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC: Aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna prevents carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic and renal disorders. BMC Comp Alt Med 2006, 6:33. BioMed Central Full Text
• [44]Mansour HH, Hafez HF, Fahmy NM: Silymarin modulates cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Biol 2006, 39:656-661.
• [45]Yadav NP, Pal A, Shanker K, Bawankule DU, Gupta AK, Darokar MP, Khanuja SPS: Synergistic effect of silymarin and standardized extract of Phyllanthus amarus against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicityin Rattus norvegicus. Phytomedicine 2008, 15:1053-1061.
• [46]Romero FJ, Bosch-Morell F, Romero MJ, Jareno EJ, Romero B, Marín N, Romá J: Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in human disease. Environ Health Perspectives 1998, 106:1229-1234.
• [47]Sharma N, Shukla S: Hepatoprotective potential of aqueous extract of Butea monosperma against CCl4 induced damage in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2010, in press.
• [48]Reyes-Gordillo K, Segovia J, Shibayama M, Vergara P, Moreno MG, Muriel P: Curcumin protects against acute liver damage in the rat by inhibiting NF-kappa B, proinflammatory cytokines production and oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Acta 2007, 1770:989-996.
• [49]Leonard TB, Neptun DA, Popp JA: Serum gamma glutamyl transferase as a specific indicator of bile duct lesions in the rat liver. Am J Pathol 1984, 116:262-269.
• [50]Hamed MA: Metabolic profile of rats after one hour of intoxication with a single oral dose of ethanol. J Pharmacol Toxicol 2011, 6:158-165.
• [51]Ohyashiki T, Kamata K, Takeuchi M, Matsui K: Contribution of peroxidation products to oxidative inactivation of rat liver microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase. J Biochem 1995, 118:508-514.
• [52]Nkosi CZ, Opoku AR, Terblanche SE: Anti-oxidative effects of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate in CCl4-induced liver injury in low-protein fed rats. Phytother Res 2006, 20:935-940.
• [53]Kumaravelu P, Dakshinamoorthy DP, Subramaniam S, Devarajt H, Devaraj NS: Effect of eugenol on drug-metabolizing enzymes of carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1995, 49:1703-1707.
• [54]Rusu MA, Tamas M, Puica C, Roman I, Sabadas M: The hepatoprotective action of ten herbal extracts in CCl4 intoxicated liver. Phytother Res 2005, 19:744-749.
• [55]Jewell SA, Bellomo G, Thor H, Orrenius S, Smith MT: Bleb formation in hepatocytes during drug metabolim is caused by disturbances in thiol and calcium ion homeostasis. Science 1982, 217:1257-1259.
• [56]Jadon A, Bhadauria M, Shukla S: Protective effect of Terminalia belerica Roxb. and gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride induced damage in albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007, 109:214-8.
• [57]De-Andrade Belo MA, Soaresa VE, de Souza LM, Sobreira MFR, Cassol DMS, Toma SB: Hepatoprotective treatment attenuates oxidative damages induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2010, in press.
• [58]Kataria M, Singh LN: Hepatoprotective effect of liv.52 and kumaryasava on varbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1997, 35:655-657.
• [59]Achliya GS, Kotagale NR, Wadodkar SG, Dorle AK: Hepatoprotective activity of Panchagavya ghrita against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2003, 35:308-311.
• [60]Banu GS, Kumar G, Murugesan AG: Ethanolic leaves extract of Trianthema portulacastrum l. ameliorates aflatoxin b1 induced hepatic damage in rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009, 24:250-256.
• [61]Tsukada S, Parsons CJ, Rippe RA: Invited critical review.Mechanisms of liver fibrosis. Clin Chem Acta 2006, 364:33-60.
• [62]Li GS, Jiang WL, Tian JW, Qub GW, Zhu HB, Fu FH: In vitro and in vivo antifibrotic effects of rosmarinic acid on experimental liver fibrosis. Phytomedicine 2010, 17:282-288.