Analysing chemical attraction of gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto with modified BG-Sentinel traps

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Ulrike Fillinger¹  Jenny M. Lindh²  Steven W. Lindsay³  Baldwyn Torto¹  Paul Ouma¹  Manuela Herrera-Varela¹  Michael N. Okal¹ 

[1] International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya;Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm S-100 44, Sweden;School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Science Laboratories, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK

关键词: Semiochemicals;    Attractants;    BG-Sentinel mosquito trap;    Choice-tests;    Breeding site;    Oviposition;    Anopheles gambiae;   

Others  :  1224683
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-015-0916-0

 received in 2015-03-23, accepted in 2015-05-25,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Cues that guide gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu lato to oviposition sites can be manipulated to create new strategies for monitoring and controlling malaria vectors. However, progress towards identifying such cues is slow in part due to the lack of appropriate tools for investigating long-range attraction to putative oviposition substrates. This study aimed to develop a relatively easy-to-use bioassay system that can effectively analyse chemical attraction of gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto.

Methods

BG-Sentinel™ mosquito traps that use fans to dispense odourants were modified to contain aqueous substrates. Choice tests with two identical traps set in an 80 m² screened semi-field system were used to analyse the catch efficacy of the traps and the effectiveness of the bioassay. A different batch of 200 gravid An. gambiae s.s. was released on every experimental night. Choices tested were (1) distilled versus distilled water (baseline) and (2) distilled water versus soil infusion. Further, comparisons were made of distilled water and soil infusions both containing 150 g/l of Sodium Chloride (NaCl). Sodium Chloride is known to affect the release rate of volatiles from organic substrates.

Results

When both traps contained distilled water, 45 % (95 confidence interval (CI) 33–57 %) of all released mosquitoes were trapped. The proportion increased to 84 % (95 CI 73–91 %) when traps contained soil infusions. In choice tests, a gravid female was twice as likely to be trapped in the test trap with soil infusion as in the trap with distilled water (odds ratio (OR) 1.8, 95 % CI 1.3–2.6). Furthermore, the attraction of gravid females towards the test trap with infusion more than tripled (OR 3.4, 95 % CI 2.4–4.8) when salt was added to the substrates.

Conclusion

Minor modifications of the BG-Sentinel™ mosquito trap turned it into a powerful bioassay tool for evaluating the orientation of gravid mosquitoes to putative oviposition substrates using olfaction. This study describes a useful tool for investigating olfactory attraction of gravid An. gambiae s.s. and provides additional evidence that gravid mosquitoes of this species are attracted to and can be baited with attractive substrates such as organic infusions over a distance of several metres.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Okal et al.

【 图 表 】

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