Mosquito-borne arbovirus surveillance at selected sites in diverse ecological zones of Kenya; 2007 – 2012

Virology Journal

Rosemary Sang²  Eyako Wurapa⁴  David Schnabel¹  Joshua Bast⁴  Jason Richardson¹  Samoel Khamadi²  Lillian Musila⁴  James Mutisya⁴  Santos Yalwala⁴  Edith Chepkorir³  Hellen Koka⁴  Albina Makio⁴  Joel Lutomiah²  Caroline Ochieng⁴ 

[1] Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, USA;Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54628, Nairobi, Kenya;International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772–00100, Nairobi, Kenya;Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, United States Army Medical Research Unit, Kenya, P. O. Box 606, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya

关键词: Mosquitoes;    Surveillance;    Arbovirus;   

Others  :  1150432
DOI  :  10.1186/1743-422X-10-140

 received in 2012-12-17, accepted in 2013-03-22,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Increased frequency of arbovirus outbreaks in East Africa necessitated the determination of distribution of risk by entomologic arbovirus surveillance. A systematic vector surveillance programme spanning 5 years and covering 11 sites representing seven of the eight provinces in Kenya and located in diverse ecological zones was carried out.

Methods

Mosquitoes were sampled bi-annually during the wet seasons and screened for arboviruses. Mosquitoes were identified to species, pooled by species, collection date and site and screened for arboviruses by isolation in cell culture and/or RT-PCR screening and sequencing.

Results

Over 450,000 mosquitoes in 15,890 pools were screened with 83 viruses being detected/isolated that include members of the alphavirus, flavivirus and orthobunyavirus genera many of which are known to be of significant public health importance in the East African region. These include West Nile, Ndumu, Sindbis, Bunyamwera, Pongola and Usutu viruses detected from diverse sites. Ngari virus, which was associated with hemorrhagic fever in northern Kenya in 1997/98 was isolated from a pool of Anopheles funestus sampled from Tana-delta and from Aedes mcintoshi from Garissa. Insect only flaviviruses previously undescribed in Kenya were also isolated in the coastal site of Rabai. A flavivirus most closely related to the Chaoyang virus, a new virus recently identified in China and two isolates closely related to Quang Binh virus previously unreported in Kenya were also detected.

Conclusion

Active transmission of arboviruses of public health significance continues in various parts of the country with possible undetermined human impact. Arbovirus activity was highest in the pastoralist dominated semi-arid to arid zones sites of the country where 49% of the viruses were isolated suggesting a role of animals as amplifiers and indicating the need for improved arbovirus disease diagnosis among pastoral communities.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Ochieng et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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