Molecular characterization of intestinal protozoa in two poor communities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Simone M Cacciò³  Edoardo Pozio³  Antonino Bella³  Fabio Tosini³  Nilson Branco¹  Regina Maura Bueno Franco¹  Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla²  Ana Rita Moraes Nardi¹  Gabriela Nogueira Bittencourt²  Teresa Cristina Goulart de Oliveira-Sequeira²  Ana Paula de Oliveira²  Semíramis Guimarães²  Érica Boarato David² 

[1] Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas CEP: 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil;Parasitology Department, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu CEP: 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil;Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, IstitutoSuperiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy

关键词: Molecular typing;    River water;    Dogs;    Humans;    Intestinal protozoa;    Brazil;   

Others  :  1132281
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-015-0714-8

 received in 2014-10-15, accepted in 2015-02-04,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Several species of protozoa cause acute or chronic gastroenteritis in humans, worldwide. The burden of disease is particularly high among children living in developing areas of the world, where transmission is favored by lower hygienic standards and scarce availability of safe water. However, asymptomatic infection and polyparasitism are also commonly observed in poor settings. Here, we investigated the prevalence of intestinal protozoa in two small fishing villages, Porto Said (PS) and Santa Maria da Serra (SM), situated along the river Tietê in the State of São Paolo, Brazil. The villages lack basic public infrastructure and services, such as roads, public water supply, electricity and public health services.

Methods

Multiple fecal samples were collected from 88 individuals in PS and from 38 individuals in SM, who were asymptomatic at the time of sampling and had no recent history of diarrheal disease. To gain insights into potential transmission routes, 49 dog fecal samples (38 from PS and 11 from SM) and 28 river water samples were also collected. All samples were tested by microscopy and PCR was used to genotype Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis sp., Dientamoeba fragilis and Cryptosporidium spp.

Results

By molecular methods, the most common human parasite was Blastocystis sp. (prevalence, 45% in PS and 71% in SM), followed by D. fragilis (13.6% in PS, and 18.4% in SM) and G. duodenalis (18.2% in PS and 7.9% in SM); Cryptosporidium spp. were not detected. Sequence analysis revealed large genetic variation among Blastocystis samples, with subtypes (STs) 1 and 3 being predominant, and with the notable absence of ST4. Among G. duodenalis samples, assemblages A and B were detected in humans, whereas assemblages A, C and D were found in dogs. Finally, all D. fragilis samples from humans were genotype 1. A single dog was found infected with Cryptosporidium canis. River water samples were negative for the investigated parasites.

Conclusions

This study showed a high carriage of intestinal parasites in asymptomatic individuals from two poor Brazilian villages, and highlighted a large genetic variability of Blastocystis spp. and G. duodenalis.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 David et al; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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