Efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against Ctenocephalides felis flea infestation in dogs

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Mark D Soll³  Josephus J Fourie⁴  Theodore S Chester³  William R Everett¹  Bruce Kunkle³  James S Hunter³  Lénaïg Halos²  Pascal Dumont²  Becky Fankhauser³ 

[1] BerTek, Inc, 104 Wilson Bottoms Rd, Greenbrier 72058, AR, USA;Merial S.A.S, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69007, France;Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Blvd, Duluth 30096, GA, USA;ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd, Bloemfontein 9321 Universitas, South Africa

关键词: Shampoo;    Water exposure;    Efficacy;    Permethrin;    Fipronil;    Dog;    Ctenocephalides felis;   

Others  :  1147316
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-015-0687-7

 received in 2015-01-20, accepted in 2015-01-21,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Five studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin on cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, when applied to dogs, including dogs that underwent water exposure or shampooing.

Methods

In each study, 16 dogs were allocated to two groups. Each dog was infested with 100 unfed adult fleas on Days −1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Eight dogs were treated with a new topical spot-on formulation containing 6.76% w/v fipronil + 50.48% w/v permethrinon Day 0; and eight dogs served as untreated controls. Twenty-four or 48 h after treatment or subsequent infestation, each dog was combed to remove and count live fleas. In addition, the dogs were subjected to different levels of water or shampoo exposure. In study 1, dogs were not subjected to any water exposure or shampooing; in study 2, dogs were water immersed twice during the month on Days 10 and 24; in study 3, dogs were water immersed three times on Days 10, 17 and 24; and in studies 4 and 5, dogs were shampooed once on Day 17.

Results

All groups of dogs administered a single topical treatment with a combination of fipronil and permethrin had significantly (p < 0.005) lower flea counts than untreated controls 24 h and 48 h post-treatment or post-infestation, regardless of whether they underwent water exposure/shampooing or not. The reductions in C. felis counts were between 98.4% and 100% at all time points in all studies.

Conclusions

The new topical spot-on formulation of fipronil and permethrin maintains a high level of protection of dogs against C. felis flea infestations even when the dogs are exposed to environmental factors that are believed to adversely affect efficacy, such as water exposure or shampooing.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Fankhauser et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Blagburn BL, Dryden MW. Biology, treatment and control of flea and tick infestations. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract. 2009; 39:1173-200.
• [2]Beck W, Boch K, Mackensen H, Wiegand B, Pfister K. Qualitative and quantitative observations on the flea population dynamic of dogs and cats in several areas of Germany. Vet Parasitol. 2006; 137:130-6.
• [3]Beugnet F, Franc M. Results of a European multicentric field efficacy study of Fipronil – (S) methoprene combination on flea infestation of dogs and cats during 2009 summer. Parasite. 2010; 17:337-42.
• [4]Farkas R, Gyurkovszky M, Solymosi N, Beugnet F. Prevalence of flea infestation in dogs and cats in Hungary combined with a survey of owner awareness. Med Vet Entomol. 2009; 23:187-94.
• [5]Thepparit C, Hirunkanokpun S, Popov VL, Foil LD, Macaluso KR. Dissemination of bloodmeal acquired Rickettsia felis in cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis. Parasit Vectors. 2013; 6:149. BioMed Central Full Text
• [6]Beugnet F, Franc M. Insecticide and acaricide molecules and/or combinations to prevent pet infestation by ectoparasites. Trends Parasitol. 2012; 28:267-79.
• [7]Halos L, Beugnet F, Cardoso L, Farkas R, Franc M, Guillot J et al.. Flea control failure? Myths and realities. Trends Parasitol. 2014; 30:228-33.
• [8]Halos L, Fourie J, Bester I, Pollmeier M, Beugnet F. Long term efficacy against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis, Bouché 1835) of monthly topical treatments with fipronil based spot on formulations compared to a flumethrin/imidacloprid impregnated collar on dogs subjected to regular water exposure. Int J Appl Res Vet Med. 2014; 12:100-5.
• [9]Marchiondo AA, Holdsworth PA, Green P, Blagburn L, Jacobs DE. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of parasiticides for the treatment, prevention and control of flea and tick infestation on dogs and cats. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 145:332-44.
• [10]Guideline on Good Clinical Practices. 2000.
• [11]Cochet P, Birckel P, Bromet-Petit M, Bromet N, Weil A. Skin distribution of fipronil by microautoradiography following topical administration to the beagle dog. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1997; 22(3):211-6.
• [12]Beugnet F, Soll MD, Bouhsira E, Franc M: Sustained speed of kill and “repellence” of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against Ctenocephalides canis flea infestation in dogs. Parasit Vectors (In press).
• [13]Dumont P, BouhsiraE, Lienard E, Jacquiet P, Beugnet F, Fanhauser B, Franc M: Repellent efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against the main vector of canine leishmaniosis in Europe (Phlebotomus perniciosus). Parasit Vectors (In press).
• [14]Fankhauser B, Dumont P, Hunter IIIJS, McCallJW, KaufmannC, MathisA, YoungDR, CarrollSP, McCallS, ChesterST, SollMD: Repellent efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against several mosquitoes species (Aedes spp. andCulex spp.). Parasit Vectors (In press).
• [15]Fankhauser B, Irwin JP, Stone ML, Chester ST, Soll MD: Repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans). Parasit Vectors (In press).
• [16]Dumont P, Chester ST, GaleB, Soll MD FourieJJ, BeugnetF: Acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. Parasit Vectors (In press).
• [17]Dumont P, Fourie JJ, Beugnet F, Soll MD: Acaricidal and repellent efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against the main vector of canine babesiosis in Europe: Dermacentor reticulatus ticks. Parasit Vectors (In press).