Effect of an integrated control strategy for schistosomiasis japonica in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China: an evaluation from 2005 to 2008

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Yang Gao³  Jian-Rong Dai¹  Guo-Jing Yang¹  Kun Yang¹  Qing-Biao Hong¹  Zeng-Xi Tian²  You-Sheng Liang¹  Wei Wang¹  Le-Ping Sun¹ 

[1] Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China;Jiangsu Provincial Department of Health, 42 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China;Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 35 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China

关键词: The Yangtze River;    Effect evaluation;    Integrated control;    Oncomelania hupensis;    Schistosoma japonicum;    Schistosomiasis;   

Others  :  1233664
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-4-243

 received in 2011-11-11, accepted in 2011-12-30,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background

Schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health concern in China. There are many interventions implemented to control the transmission of the disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of an integrated control strategy for schistosomiasis control.

Methods

An integrated control strategy for schistosomiasis japonica with emphasis on removing cattle from snail-infested grasslands, providing farmers with mechanized farm equipment, improving sanitation by supplying tap water and building lavatories and latrines and providing boats with fecal-matter containers was implemented in 107 villages of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Jiangsu Province, China, during a 32-month period from May 2005 to 2008, and the effectiveness was investigated.

Results

Following the effects of the comprehensive control, the snail habitat, infected snail habitat, snail infection rate, and S. japonicum prevalence in both humans and livestock all appeared a declining trend year by year, with reductions of 47.88%, 94.29%, 92.55%, 96.94%, and 100% compared with those before the comprehensive control. In addition, all of the 17 counties achieved the infection control in 2007, and 7 reached the criteria of transmission control in 2008. The confirmed snail habitats reduced from 107 to 20, and the acute infections have also been controlled for 2 successive years since 2007.

Conclusions

The integrated control strategy for schistosomiasis japonica is effective to control the transmission of S. japonicum.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Sun et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Engels D, Chitsulo L, Montresor A, Savioli L: The global epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis and new approaches to control and research. Acta Trop 2002, 82:139-146.
• [2]Chitsulo L, Loverde P, Engels D: Schistosomiasis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004, 2:12-13.
• [3]Steinmann P, Keiser J, Bos R, Tanner M, Utzinger J: Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk. Lancet Infect Dis 2006, 6:411-425.
• [4]Utzinger J, Bergquist R, Olveda R, Zhou XN: Important helminth infections in Southeast Asia diversity, potential for control and prospects for elimination. Adv Parasitol 2010, 72:1-30.
• [5]Zhou XN, Bergquist R, Leonardo L, Yang GJ, Yang K, Sudomo M, Olveda R: Schistosomiasis japonica control and research needs. Adv Parasitol 2010, 72:145-178.
• [6]Gryseels B, Polman K, Clerinx J, Kestens L: Human schistosomiasis. Lancet 2006, 368:1106-1118.
• [7]Yuan H, Jiang Q, Zhao G, He N: Achievements of schistosomiasis control in China. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002, 97:187-189.
• [8]Engels D, Wang LY, Palmer KL: Control of schistosomiasis in China. Acta Trop 2005, 96:67-68.
• [9]Zhou XN, Wang LY, Chen MG, Wu XH, Jiang QW, Chen XY, Zheng J, Utzinger J: The public health significance and control of schistosomiasis in China--then and now. Acta Trop 2005, 96:97-105.
• [10]Wang LD, Utzinger J, Zhou XN: Schistosomiasis control: experiences and lessons from China. Lancet 2008, 372:1793-1795.
• [11]Zhou XN, Guo JG, Wu XH, Jiang QW, Zheng J, Dang H, Wang XH, Xu J, Zhu HQ, Wu GL, Li YS, Xu XJ, Chen HG, Wang TP, Zhu YC, Qiu DC, Dong XQ, Zhao GM, Zhang SJ, Zhao NQ, Xia G, Wang LY, Zhang SQ, Lin DD, Chen MG, Hao Y: Epidemiology of schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis 2007, 13:1470-1476.
• [12]Zhao GM, Zhao Q, Jiang QW, Chen XY, Wang LY, Yuan HC: Surveillance for schistosomiasis japonica in China from 2000 to 2003. Acta Trop 2005, 96:288-295.
• [13]Li SZ, Luz A, Wang XH, Xu LL, Wang Q, Qian YJ, Wu XH, Guo JG, Xia G, Wang LY, Zhou XN: Schistosomiasis in China: acute infections during 2005-2008. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009, 122:1009-1014.
• [14]Dudgeon D, Arthington AH, Gessner MO, Kawabata Z-I, Knowler DJ, Lévêque C, Naiman RJ, Prieur-Richard A-H, Soto D, Stiassny MLJ, Sullivan CA: Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biol Rev 2005, 81:163-182.
• [15]Wu XH, Zhang SQ, Xu XJ, Huang YX, Steinmann P, Utzinger J, Wang TP, Xu J, Zheng J, Zhou XN: Effect of floods on the transmission of schistosomiasis in the Yangtze River valley, People's Republic of China. Parasitol Int 2008, 57:271-276.
• [16]Huang YX, Rong GR, Cai G, Gao ZH, Zhou XN, Zhu YC: Effects of flood on snail distribution in marshland along Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. Chin J Schisto Control 2000, 12:346-349.
• [17]Seto EYW, Wu WP, Liu HY, Chen HG, Hubbard A, Holt A, Davis GM: Impact of changing water levels and weather on Oncomelania hupensis hupensis populations, the snail host of Schistosoma jaonicum, downstream of the Three Gorges Dam. Ecohealth 2008, 5:149-158.
• [18]Zhu HM, Xiang S, Yang K, Wu XH, Zhou XN: Three Gorges Dam and its impact on the potential transmission of schistosomiasis in regions along the Yangtze River. Ecohealth 2008, 5:137-148.
• [19]Huang YX, Li B, Wang LP, Zhu YC, Zhou XN, Zhao YJ: Evaluation on the disease control effect of World Bank Loan Schistosomiasis Control Project in Jiangsu Province. Chin J Schisto Control 2001, 13:292-295. (in Chinese)
• [20]WHO: The Control of schistosomiasis. Second Report of the WHO Expert Committee. In WHO Tech Rep Ser. World Health Organziation, Geneva; 1993. No. 830
• [21]Gönnert R, Andrews P: Praziquantel, a new broad-spectrum antischistosomal agent. Z Parasitenkd 1977, 52:129-150.
• [22]Seubert J, Pohlke R, Loebich F: Synthesis and properties of praziquantel, a novel broad spectrum anthelmintic with excellent activity against schistosomes and cestodes. Experientia 1977, 33:1036-1037.
• [23]Jiang QW, Wang LY, Guo JG, Chen MG, Zhou XN, Engels D: Morbidity control of schistosomiasis in China. Acta Trop 2002, 82:115-125.
• [24]Yuan H, Jiagang G, Bergquist R, Tanner M, Xianyi C, Huanzeng W: The 1992-1999 World Bank Schistosomiasis Research Initiative in China: outcome and perspectives. Parasitol Int 2000, 49:195-207.
• [25]Hong QB, Sun LP, Huang YX, Li W, Yang K, Gao Y, Zhang LH, Gao Y, Zeng YL, Zhou M, Liang YS, Zhu YC, Cai G: The third sampling survey of schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province. Chin J Schisto Control 2005, 17:268-272. (in Chinese)
• [26]Huang YX, Sun LP, Hong QB, Gao Y, Zhang LH, Gao Y, Chen H, Guo JH, Liang YS, Zhu YC: Longitudinal observation on fluctuation trend of distribution and spread of Oncomelania snails after flood water in marshland of lower reaches of Yangtze River. Chin J Schisto Control 2004, 16:253-256. (in Chinese)
• [27]Chen XY, Wang LY, Cai JM, Zhou XN, Zheng J, Guo JG, Wu XH, Engels D, Chen MG: Schistosomiasis control in China: the impact of a 10-year World Bank Loan Project (1992-2001). Bull World Health Organ 2005, 83:43-48.
• [28]Hong QB, Huang YX, Cai G, Sun LP, Gao Y, Zhang LH, Gao Y, Liang YS: Surveillance on schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2004. J Path Biol 2007, 2:213-126. (in Chinese)
• [29]Huang YX, Hong QB, Sun LP, Hang DR, Li W, Zhang JF, Liang YS: Mid-term effectiveness of medium-and-long-term programme of prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province. Chin J Schisto Control 2008, 20:245-250.
• [30]Sun LP, Liang YS, Wu HH, Tian ZX, Dai JR, Yang K, Hong QB, Zhou XN, Yang GJ: A Google Earth-based surveillance system for schistosomiasis japonica implemented in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Parasit Vectors 2011, 4:223. BioMed Central Full Text
• [31]Wang LD, Chen HG, Guo JG, Zeng XJ, Hong XL, Xiong JJ, Wu XH, Wang XH, Wang LY, Xia G, Hao Y, Chin DP, Zhou XN: A strategy to control transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:121-128.
• [32]MOH: Handbook for Schistosomiasis Control. Shanghai: Shanghai Science & Technology Press; 2000. (in Chinese)
• [33]Wang LD: Key point of schistosomiasis control in China lies in stool management from humans and animals. Chin J Epidemiol 2005, 26:929-930.
• [34]Wang TP, Vang Johansen M, Zhang SQ, Wang FF, Wu WD, Zhang GH, Pan XP, Ju Y, Ombjerg N: Transmission control of Schistosoma japonicum by humans and domestic animals in the Yangtze River valley, Anhui Province, China. Acta Trop 2005, 96:198-204.
• [35]Zhu Y, He W, Liang Y, Xu M, Yu C, Hua W, Chao G: Development of a rapid, simple dipstick dye immunoassay for schistosomiasis diagnosis. J Immunol Methods 2002, 266:1-5.
• [36]Zhu Y, Socheat D, Bounlu K, Liang YS, Sinuon M, Insisiengmay S, He W, Xu M, Shi WZ, Bergquist R: Application of dipstick dye immunoassay (DDIA) kit for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mekongi. Acta Trop 2005, 96:137-141.
• [37]Xu J, Feng T, Lin DD, Wang QZ, Tang L, Wu XH, Guo JG, Peeling RW, Zhou XN: Performance of a dipstick dye immunoassay for rapid screening of Schistosoma japonicum infection in areas with low endemicity. Parasit Vectors 2011, 4:87. BioMed Central Full Text
• [38]Utzinger J, Zhou XN, Chen MG, Bergquist R: Conquering schistosomiasis in China: the long march. Acta Trop 2005, 96:69-96.
• [39]Huang YX, Cai G, Wu F, Pao H, Song HT, Zhang XB, Cao SL, Zhu YC: Survey of present situation of marshland and snail habitat areas and study on control strategy of marshland Oncomelania hupensis in 5 cities along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. Chin J Schisto Control 2000, 12:86-90. (in Chinese)
• [40]Wang LD, Guo JG, Wu XH, Chen HG, Wang TP, Zhu SP, Zhang ZH, Steinmann P, Yang GJ, Wang SP, Wu ZD, Wang LY, Hao Y, Bergquist R, Utzinger J, Zhou XN: China's new strategy to block Schistosoma japonicum transmission: experiences and impact beyond schistosomiasis. Trop Med Int Health 2009, 14:1475-1483.
• [41]Sun LP, Liang YS, Wu HH, Tian ZX, Hong QB, Huang YX, Gao Y, Mie J, Gao Y, Xie CY, Zhang LH, Wu F, Hu XS: Effect evaluation of comprehensive control for schistosomiasis in key villages of Jiangsu Province. Chin J Schisto Control 2009, 21:285-289. (in Chinese)
• [42]Zhou XN, Jiang QW, Sun LP, Wang TP, Hong QB, Zhao GM, Wen LY, Yin ZC, Wu XH, Lin DD: Schistosomiasis control and surveillance in China. Chin J Schisto Control 2005, 17:161-165. (in Chinese)
• [43]Zhou XN, Jia TW, Guo JG, Wang LY, Jiang QW: Management model and its evolution in schistosomiasis control programme of China. Chin J Schisto Control 2010, 22:1-4. (in Chinese)
• [44]Yuan H: Achievement and experiences of schistosomiasis control in China. Chin J Epidemiol 1999, 2:3-6. (in Chinese)