An inverse association between West Nile virus serostatus and avian malaria infection status

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Gabriel L Hamer⁶  Robert E Ricklefs¹  Tony L Goldberg³  Marilyn O Ruiz⁵  Bethany L Krebs⁸  Jeffrey D Brawn⁸  Edward D Walker⁷  Uriel D Kitron²  Jenni M Higashiguchi¹  Tavis K Anderson⁴  Matthew CI Medeiros¹ 

[1] Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA;Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA;Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8042–1, Statesboro 30460, Georgia;Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA;Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, 2215 Biomedical Physical Sciences East, Lansing, MI 48824-4320, USA;Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

关键词: Avian malaria;    Haemosporida;    West Nile virus;    Concomitant infection;    Concurrent infection;    Coinfection;    Parasite-parasite interactions;   

Others  :  1150539
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-7-415

 received in 2014-06-24, accepted in 2014-08-20,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Various ecological and physiological mechanisms might influence the probability that two or more pathogens may simultaneously or sequentially infect a host individual. Concurrent infections can have important consequences for host condition and fitness, including elevated mortality risks. In addition, interactions between coinfecting pathogens may have important implications for transmission dynamics.

Methods

Here, we explore patterns of association between two common avian pathogens (West Nile virus and avian malaria parasites) among a suburban bird community in Chicago, IL, USA that share mosquito vectors. We surveyed 1714 individual birds across 13 species for both pathogens through established molecular protocols.

Results

Field investigations of haemosporidian and West Nile virus (WNV) infections among sampled birds yielded an inverse association between WNV serostatus and Plasmodium infection status. This relationship occurred in adult birds but not in juveniles. There was no evidence for a relationship between Haemoproteus infection and WNV serostatus. We detected similar prevalence of Plasmodium among birds captured with active WNV infections and spatiotemporally paired WNV-naïve individuals of the same species, demonstrating that the two pathogens can co-infect hosts.

Conclusions

Mechanisms explaining the negative association between WNV serostatus and Plasmodium infection status remain unclear and must be resolved through experimental infection procedures. However, our results highlight potential interactions between two common avian pathogens that may influence their transmission among hosts. This is especially relevant considering that West Nile virus is a common zoonotic pathogen with public health implications. Moreover, both pathogens are instructive models in infectious disease ecology, and infection with either has fitness consequences for their avian hosts.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Medeiros et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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