Prevalence, risk factors and spatial analysis of liver fluke infections in Danish cattle herds

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Tariq Halasa³  Heidi L Enemark²  Stig M Thamsborg¹  Nils Toft³  Rene’ Bødker³  Klaas Frankena⁴  Abbey Olsen⁴ 

[1] Veterinary Parasitology Research Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark;Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg C, Denmark;Section for Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg C, Denmark;Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

关键词: Spatial model;    Risk factors;    Prevalence;    Denmark;    Cattle;    Fasciola hepatica;   

Others  :  1146555
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-015-0773-x

 received in 2015-01-22, accepted in 2015-02-24,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Fasciola hepatica, a trematode parasite (liver fluke), infects a wide range of host species causing fasciolosis. The disease is prevalent world-wide and causes considerable economic losses to the livestock industry. Fasciolosis is regarded as an emerging food-borne zoonosis. To promote awareness among farmers and to implement strategies to control the infection, this study examined the prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors for F. hepatica infection in Danish cattle herds.

Methods

A retrospective population based study was performed using meat inspection data of approximately 1.5 million cattle slaughtered in the period 2011 to 2013. Annual cumulative prevalence of recorded liver fluke findings was calculated for each year. Global and local spatial cluster analysis was used to identify and map spatial patterns of F. hepatica positive and negative herds to explore environmental indicators of infection. Herd level, trade and environmental risk factors were evaluated for association with infection using logistic regression. Herd infection status as predicted from the final risk factor model was compared with the observed status using heat maps to assess how well the model fitted the observed spatial pattern.

Results

During the investigated period (2011–2013), an increase in annual herd prevalence was noted (2011–25.6%; 2012–28.4%; 2013–29.3%). The spatial analysis suggested significant clustering of positive and negative herds. Presence of streams, wetlands and pastures on farms showed a significant association with the presence of infection in cattle herds. Buying animals from positive herds was a risk factor on conventional farms. Additionally, risk of being infected with F. hepatica was higher in non-dairy herds of medium size (≥30 and < 100) when compared to dairy and large (≥100) cattle herds. The observed spatial pattern could be reproduced by predictions of the risk factor model.

Conclusions

This study showed an increase in annual herd level prevalence (2011 to 2013) indicating that an increasing proportion of herds are infected with F. hepatica infection every year in Denmark. Fasciolosis was found to be associated with both herd and environmental factors where the infection was influenced by local factors that clustered geographically.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Olsen et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Kaplan RM. Fasciola hepatica: a review of the economic impact in cattle and considerations for control. Vet Ther. 2001; 2:40-50.
• [2]Slifko TR, Smith HV, Rose JB. Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food. Int J Parasitol. 2000; 30:1379-93.
• [3]Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control. Adv Parasitol. 2009; 69:41-146.
• [4]Charlier J, Bennema SC, Caron Y, Counotte M, Ducheyne E, Hendrickx G et al.. Towards assessing fine-scale indicators for the spatial transmission risk of Fasciola hepatica in cattle. Geospat Health. 2011; 5:239-45.
• [5]Relf V, Good B, Hanrahan JP, McCarthy E, Forbes AB, Dewaal T. Temporal studies on Fasciola hepatica in Galba truncatula in the west of Ireland. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 175:287-92.
• [6]Kuerpick B, Conraths FJ, Staubach C, Frohlich A, Schnieder T, Strube C. Seroprevalence and GIS-supported risk factor analysis of Fasciola hepatica infections in dairy herds in Germany. Parasitology. 2013; 140:1051-60.
• [7]Petros A, Kebede A, Wolde A. Prevalence and economic significance of bovine fasciolosis in Nekemte municipal abattoir. J Vet Med Anim Health. 2013; 5:202-5.
• [8]Boray JC. Liver fluke disease in sheep and cattle. NSW DPI Primefact 446. 2007. www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/114691/liver-fluke-disease-in-sheep-and-cattle.pdf Accessed 10 Feb 2015.
• [9]Vazquez MJS, Lewis FI. Investigating the impact of fasciolosis on cattle carcass performance. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 193:307-11.
• [10]Knubben-Schweizer G, Braun U, Deplazes P, Torgerson PR. Estimating the financial losses due to bovine fasciolosis in Switzerland. Vet Rec. 2005; 157:88-193.
• [11]Ersbøll AK, Kähler J, Pedersen ND, Thamsborg SM, Larsen M. Modelling spatial risk factors for occurrence of Fasciola hepatica in Danish cattle: In: Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on veterinary epidemiology and economics. 2006. 920.
• [12]Rapsch C, Schweizer G, Grimm F, Kohler L, Bauer C, Deplazes P et al.. Estimating the true prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in cattle slaughtered in Switzerland in the absence of an absolute diagnostic test. Int J Parasitol. 2006; 36:1153-8.
• [13]Hill A, Chriel M, Jensen VF, Vaarst M, Stockmarr A, Bruun J, et al. Use of existing surveillance data to detect welfare problems in Danish cattle: report on International EpiLab project 8. Denmark: Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research (DFVF); 2004.
• [14]Bossard M, Feranec J, Otahel J. CORINE land-cover technical guide-Addendum. 2000. http://edz.bib.uni-mannheim.de/daten/edz-bn/eua/00/tech40add.pdf. Accessed 8 Jan 2015.
• [15]Bennema SC, Ducheyne E, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E, Hendrickx G, Charlier J. Relative importance of management, meteorological and environmental factors in the spatial distribution of Fasciola hepatica in dairy cattle in a temperate climate. Int J Parasitol. 2011; 41:225-33.
• [16]Getis A. Spatial interaction and spatial autocorrelation: a cross product approach. Environment and planning. London: PION Limited; 1991. p. 1269–77.
• [17]Center of Disease Control and Prevention. Statistical and epidemiologic approaches. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(RR08):22–4.
• [18]Getis A, Ord JK. The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geogr Anal. 1992; 24:189-206.
• [19]Kulldorff M. SaTScan user guide for version 9.2. 2010. http://www.satscan.org/techdoc.html. Accessed Sept 2014.
• [20]Sekiya M, Zintl A, Doherty ML. Bulk milk ELISA and the diagnosis of parasite infections in dairy herds: a review. Ir Vet J. 2013; 66:14. BioMed Central Full Text
• [21]Pritchard GC, Forbes AB, Williams DJ, Salimi-Bejestani MR, Daniel RG. Emergence of fasciolosis in cattle in East Anglia. Vet Rec. 2005; 19:578-82.
• [22]Fox NJ, White PCL, McClean CJ, Marion G, Evans A, Hutchings MR. Predicting impacts of climate change on Fasciola hepatica risk. Plos one. 2011; 6:e16126.
• [23]Agger JF, Christoffersen A, Rattenborg E, Nielsen J, Agerholm JS. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in Danish dairy herds. Acta Vet Scand. 2010; 52:5. BioMed Central Full Text
• [24]Ersbøll AK, Nielsen LR. The range of influence between cattle herds is of importance for the local spread of Salmonella dublin in Denmark. Prev Vet Med. 2008; 84:277-90.
• [25]McCann CM, Baylis M, Williams DJ. The development of linear regression models using environmental variables to explain the spatial distribution of Fasciola hepatica infection in dairy herds in England and Wales. Int J Parasitol. 2010; 40:1021-8.
• [26]Sánchez-Andrade R, Paz-Silva A, Suárez JL, Panadero R, Pedreira J, López C et al.. Influence of age and breed on natural bovine fasciolosis in endemic area (Galicia, NW, Spain). Vet Res Commun. 2002; 26:361-70.
• [27]Cringoli G, Rinaldi L, Veneziano V, Capelli G, Malone JB. A cross-sectional coprological survey of liver flukes in cattle and sheep from an area of the southern Italian Apennines. Vet Parasitol. 2002; 108:137-43.
• [28]Knubben-Schweizer G, Meli ML, Torgerson PR, Lutz H, Deplazes P, Braun U. Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in the intermediate host Lymnaea truncatula detected by real time TaqMan PCR in populations from 70 Swiss farms with cattle husbandry. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 150:164-9.
• [29]Knubben-Schweizer G, Rüegg S, Torgerson PR, Rapsch C, Grimm F, Hässig M et al.. Control of bovine fasciolosis in dairy cattle in Switzerland with emphasis on pasture management. Vet J. 2010; 186:188-91.
• [30]Alves DP, Carneiro MB, Martins IVF, Bernardo CC, Donatele DM, Pereira JSS et al.. Distribution and factors associated with Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle in the south of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis. 2011; 17:271-6.
• [31]Pullan NB, Climo FM, Mansfield CB. Studies on the distribution and ecology of the family lymnaeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in New Zealand. J R Soc NZ. 1972; 2:393-405.