Voluntary movements as a possible non-reflexive pain assay

Molecular Pain

Uhtaek Oh³  Sun Wook Hwang²  Sung Min Kim¹  Jooyoung Jung³  Hyeyoun Chun³  Byeongjun Lee³  Yongwoo Jang³  Hawon Cho³ 

[1] College of Physical Education, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea;Korea University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea;Sensory Research Center, CRI, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea

关键词: TRPV1;    Visceral pain;    Neuropathic pain;    Inflammatory pain;    Total distance moved;    Rearing;    Voluntary movement;   

Others  :  862483
DOI  :  10.1186/1744-8069-9-25

 received in 2012-12-14, accepted in 2013-05-13,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

The quantification of pain intensity in vivo is essential for identifying the mechanisms of various types of pain or for evaluating the effects of different analgesics. A variety of behavioral tests for pain measurement have been devised, but many are limited because animals are physically restricted, which affects pain sensation. In this study, pain assessment was attempted with minimal physical restriction, and voluntary movements of unrestrained animals were used to evaluate the intensities of various types of pain.

Results

The number of times animals reared or total distances traveled was measured using a motion-tracking device and found to be markedly reduced in carrageenan-induced inflammatory, acetic acid-induced visceral, and streptozotocin-induced neuropathic pain tests. These two voluntary movement parameters were found to be highly correlated with paw withdrawal latency from irradiating heat. In addition, these parameters were markedly reversed by morphine and by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in inflammatory pain models. These parameters were also useful to detect hypoalgesia in TRPV1^-/- mice.

Conclusions

These results suggest that parameters of voluntary movement, such as, number of rearing and total distance moved, are effective indicators of pain intensity for many types of pain and that they can be used to evaluate degree of pain perception.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Cho et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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