Consumption of apples is associated with a better diet quality and reduced risk of obesity in children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2010

Nutrition Journal

Victor L. Fulgoni¹  Theresa A. Nicklas²  Carol E. O’Neil³ 

[1] Nutrition Impact, LLC, Battle Creek 49014, MI, USA;Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston 77030, TX, USA;Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge 70803, LA, USA

关键词: Diet quality;    Weight;    Fruit;    Children;    Apple sauce;    Apple juice;    Apple;    NHANES;   

Others  :  1222665
DOI  :  10.1186/s12937-015-0040-1

 received in 2015-01-20, accepted in 2015-05-08,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Most children do not meet the recommendation for fruit consumption. Apples are the second most commonly consumed fruit in the US; however, no studies have examined the association of total apple products, apples, apple sauce, and 100 % apple juice consumption on diet quality and weight/adiposity in children.

Methods

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between various apple consumption forms with diet quality and weight/adiposity in a nationally representative sample of children. Participants were children 2–18 years of age (N = 13,339) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2010. Intake was determined using a single interview administered 24-h diet recall. Apple product consumption was determined using the cycle-appropriate USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies food codes. Total diet quality and component scores were determined using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI). Anthropometrics were determined using standard methods. Covariate adjusted linear and logistic regressions were used to compare apple product consumers with non-consumers; sample weights were used. Probability was set at <0.01.

Results

Approximately 26 % of the population (n = 3,482) consumed some form of apple products. Consumers of apple products, whole apples, apple sauce, and 100 % apple juice had higher HEI scores than non-consumers: 50.4 ± 0.4 v 41.9 ± 0.3, 52.5 ± 0.5 v 42.7 ± 0.3, 52.1 ± 0.8 v 47.2 ± 0.4, and 51.4 ± 0.6 v 46.5 ± 0.4, respectively. Apple products and whole apple consumers had lower BMI z-scores than non-consumers: 0.4 ± 0.04 v 0.5 ± 0.03 and 0.3 ± 0.1 v 0.5 ± 0.02, respectively. Apple products and whole apple consumers were 25 % (0.59–0.95 99^th CI) and 30 % (0.52–0.95 99^th CI), respectively, were less likely to be obese than non-consumers.

Conclusions

Consumption of any form of apples contributed to the fruit recommendation of children and improved diet quality. Apples should be included in the diets of children as a component of an overall healthy diet.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 O'Neil et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

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