Combining GPS, GIS, and accelerometry to explore the physical activity and environment relationship in children and young people – a review

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Anne Ellaway¹  Candida Fenton¹  Paul RW McCrorie¹ 

[1] MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow G2 3QB, Scotland

关键词: Young people;    Children;    Environment;    Accelerometer;    Geographic Information System (GIS);    Global Positioning System (GPS);    Physical activity;   

Others  :  1136206
DOI  :  10.1186/s12966-014-0093-0

 received in 2014-04-04, accepted in 2014-07-02,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

The environment has long been associated with physical activity engagement, and recent developments in technology have resulted in the ability to objectively quantify activity behaviours and activity context. This paper reviews studies that have combined Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and accelerometry to investigate the PA-environment relationship in children and young people (5–18 years old). Literature searches of the following bibliographic databases were undertaken: Sportdiscus, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Psychinfo and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA). Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and covered topics including greenspace use, general land use, active travel, and the built environment. Studies were largely cross-sectional and took place across developed countries (UK, USA, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia). Findings suggest that roads and streets, school grounds, and the home location are important locations for total PA, and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). The relationship between greenspace was positive, however, multiple definitions and outcome measures add complexity to the results. MVPA was more likely in those exposed to higher levels of greenspace compared to sedentary individuals. Total MVPA time in greenspace is low, but when framed as a proportion of the total can be quite high. Domestic gardens may be an important area for higher intensity activity.

Researchers are encouraged to show transparency in their methods. As a relatively new area of research, with ever-evolving technology, future work is best placed in developing novel, but robust, methods to investigate the PA and environment relationship. Further descriptive work is encouraged to build on a small but increasing knowledge base; however, longitudinal studies incorporating seasonal/weather variation would also be extremely beneficial to elicit some of the nuances associated with land use. A greater understanding of geographic variation (i.e. within and between countries), as well as urban/suburban and rural dwelling is welcomed, and future work should also include the investigation of psycho-social health as an outcome, as well as differences in socio-economic status, sex and adiposity.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 McCrorie et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Biddle SJ, Gorely T, Stensel DJ: Health-enhancing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents. J Sports Sci 2004, 22:679-701.
• [2]Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJ, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Gutin B, Hergenroeder AC, Must A, Nixon PA, Pivarnik JM, Rowland T, Trost S, Trudeau F: Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. J Pediatr 2005, 146:732-737.
• [3]Janssen I, Leblanc AG: Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:40. BioMed Central Full Text
• [4]Sallis JF, Cervero RB, Ascher W, Henderson KA, Kraft MK, Kerr J: An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annu Rev Public Health 2006, 27:297-322.
• [5]de Vet E, de Ridder DT, de Wit JB: Environmental correlates of physical activity and dietary behaviours among young people: a systematic review of reviews. Obes Rev 2011, 12:e130-e142.
• [6]Duncan MJ, Badland HM, Mummery WK: Applying GPS to enhance understanding of transport-related physical activity. J Sci Med Sport 2009, 12:549-556.
• [7]Sallis JF, Prochaska JJ, Taylor WC: A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000, 32:963-975.
• [8]Davison KK, Lawson CT: Do attributes in the physical environment influence children's physical activity? A review of the literature. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2006, 3:19. BioMed Central Full Text
• [9]Maddison R, Ni Mhurchu C: Global positioning system: a new opportunity in physical activity measurement. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009, 6:73. BioMed Central Full Text
• [10]Sandercock G, Angus C, Barton J: Physical activity levels of children living in different built environments. Prev Med 2010, 50:193-198.
• [11]Ding D, Sallis JF, Kerr J, Lee S, Rosenberg DE: Neighborhood environment and physical activity among youth a review. Am J Prev Med 2011, 41:442-455.
• [12]Kaczynski AT, Henderson KA: Environmental correlates of physical activity: A review of evidence about parks and recreation. Leisure Sci 2007, 29:315-354.
• [13]Lachowycz K, Jones AP: Greenspace and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence. Obes Rev 2011, 12:e183-e189.
• [14]Panter JR, Jones AP, van Sluijs EM: Environmental determinants of active travel in youth: a review and framework for future research. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2008, 5:34. BioMed Central Full Text
• [15]Reimers AK, Mess F, Bucksch J, Jekauc D, Woll A: Systematic review on measurement properties of questionnaires assessing the neighbourhood environment in the context of youth physical activity behaviour. BMC Public Health 2013, 13:461. BioMed Central Full Text
• [16]Krenn PJ, Titze S, Oja P, Jones A, Ogilvie D: Use of global positioning systems to study physical activity and the environment: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2011, 41:508-515.
• [17]Cerin E, Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Frank LD: Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale: validity and development of a short form. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006, 38:1682-1691.
• [18]Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Frank LD: Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures. Ann Behav Med 2003, 25:80-91.
• [19]Spittaels H, Verloigne M, Gidlow C, Gloanec J, Titze S, Foster C, Oppert JM, Rutter H, Oja P, Sjostrom M, De Bourdeaudhuij I: Measuring physical activity-related environmental factors: reliability and predictive validity of the European environmental questionnaire ALPHA. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:48. BioMed Central Full Text
• [20]Adamo KB, Prince SA, Tricco AC, Connor-Gorber S, Tremblay M: A comparison of indirect versus direct measures for assessing physical activity in the pediatric population: a systematic review. Int J Pediatr Obes 2009, 4:2-27.
• [21]Bedimo-Rung AL, Mowen AJ, Cohen DA: The significance of parks to physical activity and public health: a conceptual model. Am J Prev Med 2005, 28:159-168.
• [22]Chaix B, Meline J, Duncan S, Merrien C, Karusisi N, Perchoux C, Lewin A, Labadi K, Kestens Y: GPS tracking in neighborhood and health studies: a step forward for environmental exposure assessment, a step backward for causal inference? Health Place 2013, 21:46-51.
• [23]Coombes E, van Sluijs E, Jones A: Is environmental setting associated with the intensity and duration of children's physical activity? Findings from the SPEEDY GPS study. Health Place 2013, 20:62-65.
• [24]Cooper AR, Page AS, Wheeler BW, Griew P, Davis L, Hillsdon M, Jago R: Mapping the walk to school using accelerometry combined with a global positioning system. Am J Prev Med 2010, 38:178-183.
• [25]Jones AP, Coombes EG, Griffin SJ, van Sluijs EM: Environmental supportiveness for physical activity in English schoolchildren: a study using Global Positioning Systems. Int J Beh Nutr Phys Act 2009, 6:42. BioMed Central Full Text
• [26]Lachowycz K, Jones AP, Page AS, Wheeler BW, Cooper AR: What can global positioning systems tell us about the contribution of different types of urban greenspace to children's physical activity? Health Place 2012, 18:586-594.
• [27]Mackett R, Brown B, Gong Y, Kitazawa K, Paskins J: Children's Independent Movement in the Local Environment. Built Environ 2007, 33:454-468.
• [28]Southward EF, Page AS, Wheeler BW, Cooper AR: Contribution of the school journey to daily physical activity in children aged 11–12 years. Am J Prev Med 2012, 43(2):201-204.
• [29]Wheeler BW, Cooper AR, Page AS, Jago R: Greenspace and children's physical activity: a GPS/GIS analysis of the PEACH project. Prev Med 2010, 51:148-152.
• [30]Almanza E, Jerrett M, Dunton G, Seto E, Pentz MA: A study of community design, greenness, and physical activity in children using satellite, GPS and accelerometer data. Health Place 2012, 18:46-54.
• [31]Oreskovic NM, Blossom J, Field AE, Chiang SR, Winickoff JP, Kleinman RE: Combining global positioning system and accelerometer data to determine the locations of physical activity in children. Geospatial Health 2012, 6:263-272.
• [32]Rodriguez DA, Cho GH, Elder JP, Conway TL, Evenson KR, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Shay E, Cohen D, Veblen-Mortenson S, Pickrell J, Lytle L: Identifying walking trips from GPS and accelerometer data in adolescent females. J Phys Act Health 2012, 9(3):421-431.
• [33]Rodriguez DA, Cho GH, Evenson KR, Conway TL, Cohen D, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Pickrel JL, Veblen-Mortenson S, Lytle LA: Out and about: association of the built environment with physical activity behaviors of adolescent females. Health Place 2012, 18:55-62.
• [34]Maddison R, Jiang Y, Vander Hoorn S, Exeter D, Mhurchu CN, Dorey E: Describing patterns of physical activity in adolescents using global positioning systems and accelerometry. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2010, 22:392-407.
• [35]Quigg R, Gray A, Reeder AI, Holt A, Waters DL: Using accelerometers and GPS units to identify the proportion of daily physical activity located in parks with playgrounds in New Zealand children. Prev Med 2010, 50:235-240.
• [36]Rainham DG, Bates CJ, Blanchard CM, Dummer TJ, Kirk SF, Shearer CL: Spatial classification of youth physical activity patterns. Am J Prev Med 2012, 42:e87-e96.
• [37]Rainham D, McDowell I, Krewski D, Sawada M: Conceptualizing the healthscape: contributions of time geography, location technologies and spatial ecology to place and health research. Soc Sci Med 2010, 70(5):668-676.
• [38]Bromley C: Chapter 6 Physical activity. In The Scottish Health Survey 2012 edition: volume1, main report A National Statistics Publication for Scotland. Edited by Rutherford L, Hinchliffe S, Sharp C. Scottish Government, Edinburgh; 2013.
• [39]Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Cerin E, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, Owen N: Objectively measured light-intensity physical activity is independently associated with 2-h plasma glucose. Diabetes Care 2007, 30:1384-1389.
• [40]Groenewegen PP, van den Berg AE, de Vries S, Verheij RA, Vitamin G: Eeffects of green space on health, well-being, and social safety. BMC Public Health 2006, 6:149. BioMed Central Full Text
• [41]Muñoz S-A: Children in the Outdoors - A literature review. In Book Children in the Outdoors - A literature review. Sustainable Development Research Centre, Forres; 2009.
• [42]Mass J, Sterkenburg RP, de Vries SI, Pierik F: Using GPS to Measure the Interaction Between Individuals and their Neighbourhood. In Neighbourhood Structure and Health Promotion. Edited by Stock C, Ellaway A. Springer, New York; 2013:153-175.
• [43]Cho GH, Rodriguez DA, Evenson KR: Identifying walking trips using GPS data. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011, 43:365-372.
• [44]Kerr J, Duncan S, Schipperijn J: Using global positioning systems in health research: a practical approach to data collection and processing. Am J Prev Med 2011, 41:532-540.
• [45]Schipperijn J, Ejstrud B, Troelsen J: GIS: A Spatial Turn in the Health Science? In Neighbourhood Structure and Health Promotion. Edited by Stock C, Ellaway A. Springer, New York; 2013:127-152.
• [46]Chaix B, Kestens Y, Perchoux C, Karusisi N, Merlo J, Labadi K: An interactive mapping tool to assess individual mobility patterns in neighborhood studies. Am J Prev Med 2012, 43:440-450.
• [47]Start Active, Stay Active: A Report on Physical Activity from the Four Home Countries' Chief Medical Officers In Start Active, Stay Active: A Report On Physical Activity from the Four Home Countries' Chief Medical Officers. Crown Copyright, London; 2011.
• [48]Owen N, Healy GN, Matthews CE, Dunstan DW: Too much sitting: the population health science of sedentary behavior. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2010, 38:105-113.
• [49]Tisdall K, Davis JM, Gallagher M: Researching with Children and Young People. In ᅟ. Sage, London; 2009.
• [50]Collins P, Al-Nakeeb Y, Nevill A, Lyons M: The impact of the built environment on young people's physical activity patterns: a suburban-rural comparison using GPS. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2012, 9:3030-3050.
• [51]Fjørtoft I, Kristoffersen B, Sageie J: Children in schoolyards: tracking movement patterns and physical activity in schoolyards using global positioning system and heart rate monitoring. Landscape Urban Plann 2009, 93:210-217.
• [52]Troped PJ, Wilson JS, Matthews CE, Cromley EK, Melly SJ: The built environment and location-based physical activity. Am J Prev Med 2010, 38:429-438.